Biopotential of Underutilized Rosaceae Inflorescences: LC-DAD-MS Phytochemical Profiles Associated with Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Activity In Vitro

Abstract

The aim of this work was to assess the biopotential of the young inflorescence tissues of Prunus, Malus and Chaenomeles in order to evaluate the possibility of their application in the food industry, and to provide a polyphenolic fingerprint for their quality control. The contents of different bioactive compounds and their antioxidant capacities were spectrophotometrically measured, the main phenolic compounds were identified and quantified using LC-DAD-MS, the antidiabetic potential was determined using α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays, the anti-inflammatory potential was determined using a 5-lipoxygenase inhibition assay, and the cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay. Using one-way ANOVA, principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, the relations between the samples, and between the samples and the measured parameters, were revealed. In total, 77 compounds were identified. The concentration of sugars was low in M. purpurea, at 1.56 ± 0.08 mg/g DW. The most effective sample in the inhibition of antidiabetic enzymes and anti-inflammatory 5-lipoxygenase was C. japonica. The inhibition of α-glucosidase was strongly positively correlated with the total and condensed tannins, procyanidin dimers and procyanidin tetramer, and was very strongly correlated with chlorogenic acid. In α-amylase inhibition, C. japonica and P. serrulata ‘Kiku Shidare Zakura’ were equally efficient to the standard inhibitor, maltose. The most effective in the growth and proliferation inhibition of HepG2, HCT116 and HaCaT cells was P. avium. The results suggest Prunus, Malus and Chaenomeles inflorescences as functional food ingredients.

Health Beneficial Phytochemicals in Dioscorea caucasica Lipsky Leaves and Tubers and Their Inhibitory Effects on Physiologically Important Enzymes

“…Chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids and quercetin derivatives are well-known inhibitors of α-glucosidase and α-amylase [ 58 , 59 ]. For instance, the inhibition of α-glucosidase very strongly correlated with chlorogenic acid present in the young inflorescence tissues of selected Rosaceae plants [ 60 ]. However, the inhibitory activity depends on the structural peculiarities of the phenolic compounds.…”

Chemometric evaluation of inorganic and organic parameters found in Rosaceae plants proposed as food supplements

“…Afterward, the dried material was pulverized using a pestle and mortar. ( Šola et al, 2022 ) The resulting powders were utilized for elemental analysis.…”

“…The chemometric evaluation covers the analytes from the present study, but includes also the following parameters for their biopotential, namely total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total nonflavonoids (TNF), total tannins (TT), condensed tannins (CT), soluble sugars (SS), gallic acid, caffeic acid, the antioxidant capacity (ABTS, FRAP and DPPH), alongside their in vitro anti-proliferative effect on human hepatocellular (HepG2), colorectal (HCT 116) carcinoma cells, and non-tumorigenic skin keratinocytes (HaCaT). These parameters have been determined in a previous study to characterise underutilised Rosaceae inflorescences ( Šola et al, 2022 ). All analytes have been categorized as shown in Table 1 .…”

“…The present study focuses on the determination of the elemental composition of young inflorescences tissues of seven plants covering Prunus, Malus and Chaenomeles . They have been proven to possess biopotential through the content of bioactive compounds, different bioactive compounds, antioxidant, and cytotoxic capacities ( Šola et al, 2022 ). The elements were selected in order to cover essential ones as well as potentially harmful ones, all together 29 were determined, namely Ag, Al, As, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Sr, Te, Tl, U, V, and Zn.…”

Flavescence Dorée Strain-Specific Impact on Phenolic Metabolism Dynamics in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) throughout the Development of Phytoplasma Infection

“…Analysis of the antioxidative capacity of grapevine leaves’ extracts was performed using three assays: ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis­(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical scavenging assay, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay, and FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant power) assay, as reported previously . Results were expressed as Trolox equivalent antioxidative capacity (TEAC), in milligrams of Trolox equivalents per g of DW (mg of TE/g of DW), based on calibration curves of standard antioxidant Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid, Sigma-Aldrich GmbH, Taufkirchen, Germany) solutions of known concentrations.…”