Bioprocess Intensification for Production of Novel Marine Bacterial Antibiotics Through Bioreactor Operation and Design

Abstract

: There is a lack of research into bioreactor engineering and fermentation protocol design in the field of marine bacterial antibiotic production. Most production strategies are carried out at the shake-flask level and lack a mechanistic understanding of the antibiotic production process, offering poor prospects for successful scale-up. This review shows that data need to be collated on media and physical optima differences between the trophophase and idiophase, along with investigations into the control mechanisms for biosynthesis, to allow implementation of novel fermentation protocols. Immobilization may play a part in bioprocess intensification of marine bacterial antibiotic production, through again this area is understudied. Similarly, mass transfer and shear stress data of fermentations are needed to provide the bioreactor design requirements to intensify antibiotic biosynthesis, with process scale-up in mind. The application of bioprocess intensification methods to the production of antibiotics (and other metabolites) from marine microbes will become an important strategy for improving supply of natural products, in order to assess their suitability as chemotherapeutic drugs.

Addition of Zinc, Manganese, and Iron to Growth Media Triggers Antibiotic Production in Bacterial Isolates From the Lower Atmosphere

“…Culturing an isolate under altered conditions has been shown to encourage the production of antibiotics. Modifications of growth media that have been found to elicit the expression of secondary metabolite pathways include metals and amino acid additions (notably tryptophan; Palazzotto et al, 2015), as well as varied phosphate concentrations, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and pH, to name a few (Bode et al, 2002;Iwai & Ōmura, 1982;Marwick, Wright, & Burgess, 1999;Weinberg, 1990).…”

Geochemical and mineralogical analysis of Kashmir Cave (SMAST), Buner, Pakistan, and isolation and characterization of bacteria having antibacterial activity

“…External factors can also affect the growth of microorganisms and the production of antibiotics (Marwick et al, 1999). It has been reported that environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and incubation duration influence antibiotic production (Iwai et al, 1973).…”

Bioreactor technology in marine microbiology: From design to future application

“…carbon or nitrogen source) sometimes has to be limited to keep the cells in the stationary phase, while the substrate needed for the formation of the desired product has to be present in excess. The cells at tropophase (or growth phase) generally have their secondary metabolism, such as antibiotic production, "switched off" until they reach the idiophase (or production phase) (Marwick et al, 1999).…”