“…Streptomyces lividans , a useful Gram-positive secretion model, can secrete several heterologous polypeptides of bacterial and eukaryotic origin (Pozidis et al, 2001; Hong et al, 2003; Lara et al, 2004; Ogino et al, 2004; Sianidis et al, 2006; Hamed et al, 2017; Kashiwagi et al, 2017). The absence of lipopolysaccharides, the availability of advanced genetic tools (Kieser et al, 2000; Kashiwagi et al, 2017), low protease activity, established industrial bioprocessing as a major producer of antibiotics (Ndlovu et al, 2015), synthetic biology tools (Phelan et al, 2017) and the avoidance of inclusion body formation, renders S. lividans secretion an attractive biotechnology platform. In many instances, it can provide alternative solutions when established workhorses, like Escherichia coli , fail (Anné et al, 2017).…”