Bioproduction of 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenethyl acetate by Kluyveromyces marxianus through the solid-state fermentation of sugarcane bagasse

Abstract

2-Phenylethanol (2-PE) and 2-phenethyl acetate (2-PEA) are important aroma compounds widely used in food and cosmetic industries due to their rose-like odor. Nowadays, due to the growing demand for natural products, the development of bioprocesses for obtaining value-added compounds has become of great significance. 2-PE and 2-PEA can be produced through the biotransformation of L-phenylalanine using the generally recognized as safe strain Kluyveromyces marxianus. L-phenylalanine bioconversion systems have been typically focused on submerged fermentation processes (SmF), but there is no information about other alternative productive approaches. Here, the solid-state fermentation (SSF) of sugarcane bagasse supplemented with L-phenylalanine was investigated as a sustainable alternative for producing 2-PE and 2-PEA in a residue-based system using Kluyveromyces marxianus as inoculum. An initial screening of the operational variables indicated that air supply, temperature, and initial moisture content significantly affect the product yield. Besides, it was found that the feeding strategy also affects the production and the efficiency of the process. While a basic batch system produced 16 mg per gram of residue (dry basis), by using split feeding strategies (fed-batch) of only sugarcane bagasse, a maximum of 18.4 mg g were achieved. Increase in product yield was also accompanied by an increase in the consumption efficiency of nutrients and precursor. The suggested system results as effective as other more complex SmF systems to obtain 2-PE and 2-PEA, showing the feasibility of SSF as an alternative for producing these compounds through the valorization of an agro-industrial residue.

Synthesis of polyketides from low cost substrates by the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus

“…This yeast has also been observed to readily secrete enzymes, an attribute that has been utilized for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of cellulose for ethanol production (Ballesteros, Oliva, Negro, Manzanares, & Ballesteros, ; Tomás‐Pejó, Oliva, González, Ballesteros, & Ballesteros, ). These traits make K. marxianus particularly suited to industrial production of enzymes such as pectinase (Espinoza, Bárzana, García‐Garibay, & Ǵmez‐Ruiz, ), inulinase (Galindo‐Leva et al, ; Kushi, Monti, & Contiero, ), and β‐galactosidase (Rech, Cassini, Secchi, & Ayub, ; H. X. Zhou, Xu, Chi, Liu, & Chi, ), PCV2 virus‐like particles (Duan et al, ), as well as other chemicals such as ethyl acetate (Löbs, Engel, Schwartz, Flores, & Wheeldon, ; Löser, Urit, Gruner, & Bley, ), xylitol (Kim, Park, Jang, & Ha, ; Zhang et al, ), and 2‐phenylethanol (Gao & Daugulis, ; Martínez, Sánchez, Font, & Barrena, ).…”

Enhancing the bioproduction of value-added aroma compounds via solid-state fermentation of sugarcane bagasse and sugar beet molasses: Operational strategies and scaling-up of the process

“…One of the biochemical process to obtain aroma compounds is the solid-state fermentation (SSF), which has been explored to produce value-added aromas like vanillin (dos Santos et al, 2008), 2-phenethyl alcohol (Martínez et al, 2018), coconutlike aroma (Fadel et al, 2015) or fruit-like aromas (Martínez et al, 2017). Also, since the intrinsic characteristics of SSF made of it a suitable process to valorize solid organic waste (Castilho et al, 2009;Yazid et al, 2017), coupling SSF with agro-industrial residues becomes a good way for obtaining natural aroma compounds from a low-cost raw material (Sarma et al, 2014).…”

“…Since the behavior of the fermentation changes because of these effects, productivity and selectivity are prone to be affected as well, so the implementation of operating approaches able to minimize these negative effects (Astolfi et al, 2011) becomes of major importance. Particularly, the bioproduction of aroma compounds via SSF has been limited to lab and bench scales (Martínez et al, 2018(Martínez et al, , 2017, so the understanding of the process at higher scales is still very limited. As described by some authors (de Oliveira Felipe et al, 2017; Sánchez et al, 2015), by integrating more efficient strategies in SSF, it is also expected to contribute in the improvement of the process sustainability, as well as in the industrial development of the technology in the framework of the circular economy.…”

Bioprocess Optimization for the Production of Aromatic Compounds With Metabolically Engineered Hosts: Recent Developments and Future Challenges

“…The utilization of an interesting alternative carbon source was reported by Celińska et al (2013). They use glycerol as carbon source in bioconversion of L-Phe to 2-PE by Yarrowia lipolytica NCYC3825, reaching a 2-PE production of 0.77 g L −1 after 54 h. Another recent approach for this flavor production was reported by Martínez-Avila et al (2018). In the proposed system, K. marxianus ATCC10022 used the available nutrients from a residue-substrate (sugarcane bagasse) supplemented with L-Phe, achieving a 2-PE production of 10.21 mg g −1 (mass of product per mass of solid) in a fed-batch system.…”