Bioprospecting of Marine Macrophytes Using MS-Based Lipidomics as a New Approach

Abstract

The marine environment supports a remarkable diversity of organisms which are a potential source of natural products with biological activities. These organisms include a wide variety of marine plants (from micro- to macrophytes), which have been used in the food and pharmaceutical industry. However, the biochemistry and biological activities of many of these macrophytes (namely macroalgae and halophytes, including seagrasses) are still far from being fully explored. Most popular bioactive components include polysaccharides, peptides, phenolics and fatty acids (FAs). Polar lipids (glycolipids, phospholipids and betaine lipids) are emerging as novel value-added bioactive phytochemicals, rich in n-3 FA, with high nutritional value and health beneficial effects for the prevention of chronic diseases. Polar lipids account various combinations of polar groups, fatty acyl chains and backbone structures. The polar lipidome of macrophytes is remarkably diverse, and its screening represents a significant analytical challenge. Modern research platforms, particularly mass spectrometry (MS)-based lipidomic approaches, have been recently used to address this challenge and are here reviewed. The application of lipidomics to address lipid composition of marine macrophytes will contribute to the stimulation of further research on this group and foster the exploration of novel applications.

Structure Annotation and Quantification of Wheat Seed Oxidized Lipids by High-Resolution LC-MS/MS

“…The MS/MS fragmentation patterns of glycerides, PLs and GLs, have been analyzed extensively regarding acyl and head group composition (Byrdwell and Neff, 2002;Taguchi et al, 2005;Schwudke et al, 2006;Manicke et al, 2008;Ivanova et al, 2009;Murphy and Axelsen, 2011;Anesi and Guella, 2015;Bandu et al, 2016;Maciel et al, 2016), but the utilization of highresolution MS/MS spectra for the identification and structural annotation of oxidized lipids was hitherto far less investigated (Vu et al, 2012). We found a high generalizability between nominal mass MS/MS spectra of authentic standards available at LIPID MAPS (www.…”

“…Our method is not restricted to the lipids investigated in this study. It can be expanded to other relevant classes, such as ceramides, by scanning for the sphingoid bases, or DGTS lipids, by scanning for the glycerol-head group fragment (m/z 236.150; Yang et al, 2015;Maciel et al, 2016). The whole workflow can be fully translated into negative mode for lipids preferentially forming anions, such as phosphatidic acids (diagnostic lysophosphatidic acid/FA fragments in MS/MS spectrum; http://www.lipidmaps.org/) or sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol lipids ([C 6 H 9 O 7 S] 2 MS/MS fragment, m/z 225.007; Welti et al, 2003).…”

Valorization of Lipids from Gracilaria sp. through Lipidomics and Decoding of Antiproliferative and Anti-Inflammatory Activity

“…Polar lipids are nowadays recognized as an important reservoir of fatty acids with nutritional value, e.g., n -3 FAs [5,6], and they are also considered high-value novel lipids with beneficial health effects such as antitumoral [7,8], antiviral [8,9], antifungal [10], antibacterial [11], and anti-inflammatory [11,12], with potential applications in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries [7,8,11]. However, in spite of their recognized potential, they are still scarcely studied [12,13,14,15]. Some studies reported that polar lipids isolated from seaweeds can promote growth-inhibiting effects on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2) [16] and thus can act as inhibitors of DNA polymerases with capability to inhibit tumor cell proliferation [17].…”

“…To fully explore the bioactive properties of seaweed lipids and thus contribute to seaweed valorization, it is fundamental to characterize their structure and understand how it modulates bioactivity [13,14]. Nowadays, the detailed structural characterization of lipids can be accomplished by using mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with liquid chromatography (LC).…”

Unravelling the potential of halophytes for marine integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA)— a perspective on performance, opportunities and challenges

“…These adaptations allow for the retention of water, protection of enzymatic machineries and maintenance of homeostasis (Flowers & Colmer 2008, Flowers et al 2010. A number of metabolites are biosynthesized by these plants (Aquino et al 2011, Maciel et al 2016, and many display bioactivity against oxidative stress, microbes, inflammations and tumors (Boughal leb & Denden 2011, Buhmann & Papenbrock 2013a, Rodrigues et al 2014, which emphasizes their potential to be used by the pharmaceutical industry.…”