Bioprospecting thermophiles for cellulase production: a review

Acharya, Somen; Chaudhary, Anita

doi:10.1590/s1517-83822012000300001

Cited by 108 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…Cellulase is an enzymatic system that converts renewable cellulose biomass into free sugar for the subsequent use in different application. Cellulase systems consist mainly of three enzymes namely: endoglucanase (1,4-β-D-glucan-4-glucanohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.4) and exoglucanase (1,4-β-D-glucan glucohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.74) and β-glucosidase (β-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.21) that synergistically degrade cellulose to glucose unit [2,3,4]. First, endoglucanase attacks the internal β(1-4)-linkages of cellulose chains releasing β-glucan chains of different length.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial β-Glucosidases: Screening, Characterization, Cloning and Applications

Ahmed¹,

Aslam²,

Ashraf³

et al. 2017

JAEM

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Cellulose is the most abundant biomaterial in the biosphere and the major component of plant biomass.Cellulase is an enzymatic system required for conversion of renewable cellulose biomass into free sugar for subsequent use in different applications. Cellulase system mainly consists of three individual enzymes namely: endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glucosidases. β-Glucosidases are ubiquitous enzymes found in all living organisms with great biological significance. β-Glucosidases have also tremendous biotechnological applications such as biofuel production, beverage industry, food industry, cassava detoxification and oligosaccharides synthesis. Microbial β-glucosidases are preferred for industrial uses because of robust activity and novel properties exhibited by them. This review aims at describing the various biochemical methods used for screening and evaluating β-glucosidases activity from microbial sources. Subsequently, it generally highlights techniques used for purification of β-glucosidases. It then elaborates various biochemical and molecular properties of this valuable enzyme such as pH and temperature optima, glucose tolerance, substrate specificity, molecular weight, and multiplicity. Furthermore, it describes molecular cloning and expression of bacterial, fungal and metagenomic β-glucosidases. Finally, it highlights the potential biotechnological applications of β-glucosidases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial β-Glucosidases: Screening, Characterization, Cloning and Applications

Ahmed¹,

Aslam²,

Ashraf³

et al. 2017

JAEM

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“…Cellulases take an important share in the worldwide enzyme market owed to their various uses including cotton processing, paper recycling, detergent formulation, juice extraction, and animal feed additives for uses in agricultural biotechnology and production of transportation fuel (bioenergy) besides bio based products [35][36][37]. Amongst thermophilic bacteria, Bacillus species producing some extracellular polysaccharide-hydrolyzing enzymes, which consist of cellulose.…”

Section: Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Saltpan Halophilic Bacterium

Manikandan¹,

Pk²

2017

J Antimicrob Agents

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Hypersaline environments provide an excellent medium for natural microbial communities which serve as a potential source of pharmaceutical substances. Salt is widely present in the earth. Almost 73% of earth was covered with marine water which contains 2.5% of common salt. Protease enzyme activity widespread in microorganisms, plant and animals. Proteolytic enzymes used in the industrial application and bioremediation process. In recent years' new mutant's microbe resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Protease inhibitors used as potential antibiotics for controlling microbial infections. A Hypersaline environment such as salt pans and salt lakes has high salt concentration and pH. The saltpan provides a diversity of different environmental conditions of alkalinity, salinity, temperature, pH and nutrition. Halophilic organisms growing between 0.5 and 3.0 M salt concentration. Extreme environments are the best source of bioactive compound producing halophiles microbes.

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“…in the food industry, for animal feed and biofuel production, as well as detergents. New candidates with high tolerance to elevated temperature and pressure, stability and activity in organic solvents, and/or special substrate spectra may prove useful in these, or other applications [12]. In the current study, we have screened oil reservoir metagenomes [13] [14] for esterase enzyme candidates using both sequence-based and functional screening, and have subjected one candidate from the functional screening approach to further characterization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery and Characterization of a Thermostable Esterase from an Oil Reservoir Metagenome

Lewin¹,

Strand²,

Haugen³

et al. 2016

AER

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With the aim of identifying novel thermostable esterases, comprehensive sequence databases and cloned fosmid libraries of metagenomes derived from an offshore oil reservoir on the Norwegian Continental Shelf were screened for enzyme candidates using both sequence-and function-based screening. From several candidates identified in both approaches, one enzyme discovered by the functional approach was verified as a novel esterase and subjected to a deeper characterization. The enzyme was successfully over-produced in Escherichia coli and was shown to be thermostable up to 90˚C, with the highest esterase activity on short-chain ester substrates and with tolerance to solvents and metal ions. The fact that the thermostable enzyme was solely found by functional screening of the oil reservoir metagenomes illustrates the importance of this approach as a complement to purely sequence-based screening, in which the enzyme candidate was not detected. In addition, this example indicates the large potential of deep-sub-surface oil reservoir metagenomes as a source of novel, thermostable enzymes of potential relevance for industrial applications.

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Bioprospecting thermophiles for cellulase production: a review

Cited by 108 publications

References 77 publications

Microbial β-Glucosidases: Screening, Characterization, Cloning and Applications

Microbial β-Glucosidases: Screening, Characterization, Cloning and Applications

An Overview of Saltpan Halophilic Bacterium

Discovery and Characterization of a Thermostable Esterase from an Oil Reservoir Metagenome

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