Biopsychosocial Multivariate Predictive Model of Occupational Low Back Disability

The Mediating Role of Recovery Expectancies on the Relation Between Depression and Return-to-Work

“…A review by Iles et al [65] enumerates the various methods of assessing recovery expectancies that have been used. These include: likelihood of working in 6 months (0-10) [24,66], expectation of returning to normal work in 3 months (yes/ no) [67], perceived risk of not recovering (0-10) [68], expected duration of sick leave (1-10 days, [10 days) [69], responses to an expectations of recovery scale (7-8 items) [20,70], and probability of returning to work without restriction in 1 month (5-point scale) [71]. From a clinical or claims management perspective, the lack of consistency in the measurement of recovery expectancies poses problems in terms of risk identification.…”

“…Numerous investigations have shown that recovery expectancies are prognostic indicators for poor recovery following the onset of WRMDs [18][19][20]. In this domain of research, recovery expectancies have been broadly conceptualized as the injured individual's prediction of the likelihood of recovery [21][22][23].…”

Disentangling the Disability Quagmire in Psychological Injury and Law

“…Empirical support is lacking for a purely biomedical model of occupational disability and RTW, but, in contrast, the evidentiary basis for psychosocial determinants of disability has been growing Hunt et al 2002;Linton 2001;Linton et al 2005b;Pincus et al 2002b;Pransky et al 2005;Schultz et al 2002;Wunderlich et al 2002). Indeed, in psychosocially oriented research, there appears to be a trend to omit medical factors a priori because of their presumed non-contributory status in occupational disability studies.…”

“…Currently, the most advanced actuarial prediction paradigms are available in musculoskeletal pain studies and involve predictive accuracy for occupational disability in the range of 75% to 85% (Linton et al 2005b;Schultz et al 2002;Waddell et al 2003). Predictive actuarial formulae have yet to be developed for mental disorders.…”

The influence of kinesiophobia on trunk muscle voluntary responses with pre-programmed reactions during perturbation in patients with chronic low back pain

“…More studies have stressed the multidimensional causes and identified over one hundred risk factors e.g., Physical: sedentary lifestyle (Odd Ratio 1.31: 95% CI 1.08e1.58), physically strenuous activities (Odd Ratio 1.22: 95% CI 1.00e1.49) (Heneweer et al, 2009), work and work related psychosocial factors (Macfarlane et al, 2009;Nelson and Hughes, 2009) spinal mechanical load (Bakker et al, 2009) lifting heavy weights (Harkness et al, 2003), extended spinal postures (Mitchell et al, 2009), lifting and bending (Hoogendoorn et al, 2000); Psychological: distress, abnormal back pain beliefs, coping strategies, pain self-efficacy, fear of injury/movement, depression, anxiety, hyper-vigilance, stress, maladaptive cognitions and catastrophizing (Mitchell et al, 2010;Feuerstein and Beattie, 1995;Schultz et al, 2002) are all risk factors for developing back pain and also transformation of a current episode of back pain into recurrent chronic back pain (Linton, 2000;Marras, 2000;Marras et al, 1995;Norman et al, 1998;Slater et al, 2009;Hides et al, 1996). This transition was extensively influenced by those psychological risk factors which possess moderate (Pincus et al, 2002) to greater risk (Casey et al, 2008;Hasenbring et al, 2001) for developing chronic back pain.…”