Biopsychosocial Processes of Health and Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Kop, Willem J.

doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000954

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…COVID-19 symptoms and self-indicated COVID-19 were not associated with BMI, diet quality, physical activity, and smoking. Future studies could further investigate explanations for changes in lifestyle behaviors, as a response to both short-term symptoms and long-COVID-19, with longer follow-up, and subgroup differences, taking a biopsychosocial approach to COVID-19 prevention and treatment [ 56 ]. Efforts need to be made to engage people in a healthy lifestyle, to limit the burden on our healthcare systems, avoid further social and behavioral restrictions, and promote health beyond the context of the pandemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Perceived Stress and Lifestyle Behaviors in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in The Netherlands: An Online Longitudinal Survey Study

Slurink

Smaardijk

Kop

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The COVID-19 pandemic has substantial implications for physical and mental wellbeing. This study investigated changes, over time, in lifestyle behaviors and perceived stress during the initial phase of the pandemic and associations with COVID-19 symptoms, in the Dutch general population. An online longitudinal survey study was performed with pre-lockdown measurements in February, and subsequently in April and June 2020 (n = 259, mean age 59 ± 14 years, 59% women). Self-report questionnaires were used to assess weight, diet quality, physical activity, alcohol intake, and smoking. Perceived stress was measured using the validated perceived stress scale (PSS-10). The presence of COVID-19 symptoms (yes/no) was defined as fever, or >3 of the following symptoms: weakness/tiredness, muscle ache, dry cough, loss of smell/taste, and breathing difficulties. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models, adjusted for age, sex, educational level, marital status and (change in) employment status. Minimal increases over time were observed in alcohol intake (0.6 ± 0.7 to 0.7 ± 1.1 glasses/day, p = 0.001) and smoking (9.5 ± 8.7 to 10.9 ± 9.4 cigarettes/day among 10% smokers, p = 0.03), but other lifestyle behaviors remained stable. In April 2020, 15% reported COVID-19-related symptoms, and in June 2020, this was 10%. The presence of COVID-19 symptoms was associated with increased perceived stress (pinteraction = 0.003) and increased alcohol consumption (pinteraction = 0.03) over time. In conclusion, in this prospective study, COVID-19 symptoms were associated with increases in perceived stress and alcohol consumption. Future research on biopsychosocial determinants and underlying mechanisms of lifestyle changes, as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, is needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Perceived Stress and Lifestyle Behaviors in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in The Netherlands: An Online Longitudinal Survey Study

Slurink

Smaardijk

Kop

et al. 2022

IJERPH

Self Cite

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“…Biopsychological factors of COVID-19 include social factor, psychological factor, health related behavior and biological factors. 44 Furthermore, stress in medical staff has been caused by organizational factors, such as significant changes in social and family life, depletion of personal protective equipment, concerns about the rapidly changing information on the disease, lack of access to up-to-date information and communication, lack of specific drugs, and the shortage of ventilators and intensive care unit beds for the surging number of critically ill patients. Further negative effects have been identified, including feeling of being inadequately supported, concerns about the health of oneself, fear of taking the infection home to family members, being isolated, not having easy access to testing through occupational health channels if needed, and an overwhelming workload.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Behaviors for COVID-19 Were Associated With Fewer Psychological Impacts on Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study in Taiwan

Yen

Chan

Lin

et al. 2022

INQUIRY

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Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased psychological distress among common people and has caused health care providers, such as nurses, to experience tremendous stress. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study assessed the psychological impacts on nurses in a community hospital in Taiwan, including major depressive disorder (MDD), posttraumatic stress (PTS), and pessimism. According to transactional theory, coping strategies and personal factors have psychological impacts. We hypothesized that behavioral responses to COVID-19 (problem-focused coping) are more effective in reducing psychological impacts than emotional responses to COVID-19 (emotion-focused coping). Independent variables were the use of behavioral and emotional coping strategies for COVID-19 and 3 personal factors, namely sleep disturbance, physical component summary (PCS-12), and mental component summary (MCS-12) of the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) obtained from the Medical Outcomes Study. Dependent variables comprised 3 psychological impacts, namely MDD, PTS, and pessimism. Results: We determined that behavioral coping strategies had significant negative effects on PTS and pessimism; however, emotional coping strategies had significantly positive effects on PTS and pessimism. Sleep disturbance was significantly associated with increased MDD and pessimism. PCS-12 had a significant negative effect on PTS, whereas MCS-12 was not significantly associated with any of the 3 psychological impacts. Conclusions: Nurses who adopted protective behavior against COVID-19, such as washing hands, wearing masks, avoiding touching eyes, and mouth, and avoiding personal contact, were associated with less posttraumatic stress and pessimism. Healthcare providers should consider strategies for improving preventive behaviors to help ease their worries and fears concerning COVID-19.

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“…It may be helpful to consider the SARS-CoV-2 infection in a biopsychosocial context. Biological aspects directly influence psychosocial (long-term) outcome, such as anxiety, depression, and insomnia ( 51 ). In our study, this was manifested by the SARS-CoV-2-associated risk factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These were significantly more frequent in the psychologically burdened group. Other biological elements, such as genetics and the immune system, may also cause a corresponding vulnerability to mental illness ( 51 ). Psychoneuroimmune and psychoneuroendocrine components are suspected to negatively affect mental health acutely and as long-term consequences ( 52 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Positive and Isolated at Home: Stress and Coping Depending on Psychological Burden

Kowalski

Schneider

Zipfel³

et al. 2021

Front. Psychiatry

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Objective: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to pronounced health changes, especially for those infected and psychologically burdened. This cross-sectional study examined the stress experience and coping strategies during home isolation of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals and analyzed differences regarding psychological burden.Methods: SARS-CoV-2 infected respondents were recruited by telephone and completed an online survey during their home isolation. This questionnaire assessed sociodemographic aspects, somatic factors, psychological burden (depressive symptoms, anxiety, and somatic symptom disorder), perceived stress and coping behavior during the home isolation.Results: Out of 838 SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals during the study period, 648 were contacted and 224 home-isolated respondents were included in the study. Disgrace, social restrictions, job fear, health concerns, and infectiousness could be explored as stressors during the home isolation. Fifty-four percent experienced psychological burden. SARS-CoV-2 infected and home-isolated individuals with psychological burden perceived significant stressors more strongly (p < 0.001, r = 0.5) and coped significantly less (p < 0.001, r = 0.3) with their infection and home isolation compared to SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals without psychological burden.Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals with psychological burden experienced higher stressors and were unable to cope adaptively with home isolation. Therefore, a general and standardized screening procedure for psychological burden should be established. SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals with psychological burden should receive targeted support with professional help in the areas of stress experience and coping skills during their home isolation and beyond to avoid long-term consequences.

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Biopsychosocial Processes of Health and Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cited by 23 publications

References 42 publications

Changes in Perceived Stress and Lifestyle Behaviors in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in The Netherlands: An Online Longitudinal Survey Study

Changes in Perceived Stress and Lifestyle Behaviors in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in The Netherlands: An Online Longitudinal Survey Study

Protective Behaviors for COVID-19 Were Associated With Fewer Psychological Impacts on Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study in Taiwan

SARS-CoV-2 Positive and Isolated at Home: Stress and Coping Depending on Psychological Burden

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