Bioreactive Organoclay: A New Technology for Environmental Remediation

Investigating the expanding behavior and thermal stability of HDPy modified organo-bentonite by X-ray diffraction technique

“…They are commonly used in science and industry because of their abundance in nature, low cost, environmental stability, beneficial physical and chemical properties like cation exchange capacity (CEC), swelling ability, high specific surface area, and high adsorption capacity (Majdan et al, 2005, Atia, 2008, Tiwari et al, 2008, Christidis and Huff, 2009, Eisenhour and Brown, 2009, Xi et al, 2010, Sarkar et al, 2012, Bagherifam et al, 2014. They effectively adsorb cationic contaminants due to negative layer charge; however in their natural state they do not effectively adsorb organic and anionic contaminants due to their hydrophilic surface properties and negative layer charge (Kaufhold et al, 2007).…”

“…This shortcoming can be rectified by modification of the structure by organic and/ or inorganic cation intercalation (Atia, 2008), thus allowing a broad range of adsorption capacity. More recently and specifically, adsorption properties of bentonite have been enhanced by replacing quaternary ammonium cations with interlayer cations, which have been effectively used in environmental remediation studies for the removal of organic and anionic pollutants (Bors et al, 1999, Lee and Kim, 2002, Majdan et al, 2005, Gammoudi et al, 2012, Ma et al, 2012, Sarkar et al, 2012, Chen et al, 2014. Such organo-bentonites (OBent) have also been widely used in the making of clay-polymer nanocomposites (Carrado and Komadel, 2009, Eisenhour and Brown, 2009, Carrosco et al, 2011.…”

“…This modification processes mainly changes structure, thermal chemistry, colloidal and surface charge behaviors and adsorption characteristics (Sarkar et al, 2012). In order to understand these physical and chemical changes, the most common approach to characterize the products uses various techniques like X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry.…”

Biomass derived palygorskite–carbon nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterisation and affinity to dye compounds

“…Due to their unique properties such as layered structures, large surface areas, high cation exchange capacity (CEC) and enormous environmental stability, clay minerals are a popular choice for cleaning diverse organic and inorganic pollutants in the environment (Churchman et al, 2006;Sarkar et al, 2012b). Worldwide availability and hence low cost also make these minerals appropriate for environmental applications.…”

Engineering applications of organic surfactant modified bentonite in sorptive soil barriers.

“…Among the available organic surfactants, QAC is the most common cationic surfactant type due to its availability, ease of preparation and stable physicochemical behaviors (Sarkar et al 2012). …”