Bioreactor cultivation condition for engineered bone tissue: Effect of various bioreactor designs on extra cellular matrix synthesis

Abstract

Dynamic-based systems are bio-designed in order to mimic the micro-environments of the bone tissue. There is limited direct comparison between perfusion and perfusion-rotation forces in designing a bioreactor. Hence, in current study, we aimed to compare given bioreactors for bone regeneration. Two types of bioreactors including rotating & perfusion and perfusion bioreactors were designed. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from buccal fat pad were loaded on a gelatin/ β-Tricalcium phosphate scaffold. Cell-scaffold constructs were subjected to different treatment condition and place in either of the bioreactors. Effect of different dynamic conditions on cellular behavior including cell proliferation, cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation were assessed.Osteogenic assessment of scaffolds after 24 days revealed that rotating & perfusion bioreactor led to significantly higher expression of OCN and RUNX2 genes and also greater amount of ALP and collagen I protein production compared to static groups and perfusion bioreactor. Observation of cellular sheets which filled the scaffold porosities in SEM images, approved the better cell responses to rotating & perfusion forces of the bioreactor. The outcomes demonstrated that rotating & perfusion bioreactor action on bone regeneration is much preferable than perfusion bioreactor. Therefore, it seems that exertion of multi-stimuli is more effective for bone engineering.

On modelling of glucose transport in hollow fibre membrane bioreactor for growing three‐dimensional tissue

“…To overcome the diffusion limitation, various perfusion bioreactors have been developed over the years 6,10–18 . An example of a perfusion bioreactor is hollow fibre membrane bioreactors (HFMBs) 5,19,20 .…”

Bioengineered Living Bone Grafts—A Concise Review on Bioreactors and Production Techniques In Vitro

“…Moreover, bioreactor-incubated cell-seeded scaffolds were characterized by greater amounts of ECM proteins including glycosaminoglycans and collagen [88]. In another study, it was proven that cells cultured in a rotating/perfusion bioreactor showed a significantly higher expression of osteogenesisrelated genes (RUNX2, ALP, OC, and COL 1) compared to the cells cultured in the static condition as well as in the perfusion bioreactor [89]. Thus, those observations led to a hypothesis that rotating bioreactors with continuous medium perfusion are an effective approach in BTE and may be used not only as a device for research but also as a tool for the production of living bone tissue graft.…”

Perfused Platforms to Mimic Bone Microenvironment at the Macro/Milli/Microscale: Pros and Cons

“…Rotating bioreactors offer major advantages over spinner flasks since they also control the supply of oxygen and exert low fluid shear stress and turbulence ( Kimelman-Bleich et al, 2011 ; Weszl et al, 2012 ; Song et al, 2013 ; Shekaran et al, 2015 ; Song et al, 2016a ; Demir et al, 2018 ; Westman et al, 2019 ; Daulbayev et al, 2020 ; Nokhbatolfoghahaei et al, 2020a ; Nokhbatolfoghahaei et al, 2020b ; Nokhbatolfoghahaei et al, 2020c ). The most common rotating wall bioreactor is formed by two concentric cylinders: 1) the outer one is a culture chamber and accommodates the cellularized scaffold, submerged in culture medium, while 2) the inner cylinder is static and permits gas exchange ( Figure 1B ).…”