The
seed germination of large-scale crops, such as wheat,
is frequently
affected by diverse environmental stresses. Thus, the development
of eco-friendly seed-coating nanomaterials for wheat to maintain a
high germination activity while increasing adaptation to adverse environmental
conditions has a very high application potential in agriculture. In
this study, a seed-coating nanocomposite was fabricated by loading
calcium peroxide into amphiphilic nest-like attapulgite/SiO2 and used as an efficient coating reagent (CAS) to maintain the high
seed germination activity of wheat. CAS effectively improved wheat
seed germination and subsequent seedling establishment under multiple
environmental stresses. CAS not only promoted water absorption and
retention but also effectively absorbed the carbon dioxide produced
by seed respiration and gradually emitted oxygen, which significantly
increased the high seed germination activity and shortened the germination
time. In addition, CAS showed a high capacity for the immobilization
of heavy metals, such as cadmium and copper, which prevented heavy
metal absorption by seeds and seedlings, thus largely reducing heavy
metal toxicity in the environment. Furthermore, CAS could continuously
produce a low level of hydrogen peroxide around the seeds, which effectively
prevented microbial infection during seed germination and seedling
establishment. In addition, the biosafety analysis of CAS showed that
it had no adverse effects on mammalian cell growth or fish viability,
suggesting its biosafety. Conclusively, this study provided an effective,
low-cost, and environmentally friendly seed coating strategy for the
large-scale crops, which has promising application prospects in agriculture.