Bioremediation of cadmium induced renal toxicity in Rattus norvegicus by medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus

Abstract

Cadmium is the second most hazardous metals with bio-concentration factor (BCF) > 100 Although WHO permitted cadmium concentration in drinking water is 0.005 mg/L, yet the reality is far above to this limit because of industrial utility of this metal. Oral exposure of cadmium to human results in dreadful symptoms of metabolic disorders especially in liver and kidneys. Endogenous protection could be supported by some exogenous herbal supplement (viz., Catharanthus roseus in this case) to overcome the toxic effects. Present Study has been designed to find out the functional renal changes under the effect of cadmium and Catharanthus roseus in the model organism albino rats. Cadmium significantly (p > 0.01) increases the level of nitrogenous waste (Urea, BUN, Uric Acid and Creatinin), while decreases the serum protein profile in acute and sub-acute sets. Urea concentration of control ranged from 16.56 to 17.72 mg/dl while that of Group-B and D were 19.84 to 20.87 mg/dl and 17.56 to 17.59 mg/dl respectively. Similarly uric acid concentration ranged in control form 6.98 to 8.01 mg/dl in group-B from 7.58 to 10.25 mg/dl, in Group-D 8.02 to 8.59 mg/dl respectively. Creatinin concentration ranged in control 0.57 to 0.65 mg/dl, in group-B 0.97 to 1.02 mg/dl, in group-D – 0.95 to 0.98 mg/dl respectively.These results might be due to altered filtration rate of kidney because of protein disruption. The studies conclude the efficient nephro-protection offered by Catharanthus roseus extract against Cadmium toxicity.

An overview of the ameliorative efficacy of Catharanthus roseus extract against Cd2+ toxicity: implications for human health and remediation strategies

“…Catharanthus roseus extract contains bioactive substances, including polyphenols acting as antioxidants. Moreover, significantly reduced glomerulosclerosis, vascular endothelium, and tubular serious injuries, with "considerable preservation of serum waste substances, DNA breakage, and normalization of protein profiles, hematological parameters, MDA concentration, and antioxidant enzyme levels" (6,17). This made chemotherapeutic medicine less harmful, increased people's lifespans, and made it easier for better health care systems to develop.…”

“…The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ranks Cd among the top five most harmful environmental pollutants, as it is a non-essential metal (5). Many people, including governments and scientists, have been concerned about the toxicity of Cd ever since the Itai-itai sickness first appeared in Japan in 1912 (6). According to Wang et al (7), industrial activity in many developing nations continues to pose a challenge to the reduction of mercury pollution, despite the fact that several countries have implemented various measures to that effect.…”

Using Peromyscus leucopus as a biomonitor to determine the impact of heavy metal exposure on the kidney and bone mineral density: results from the Tar Creek Superfund Site

“…Renal toxicity from cadmium exposure is correlated with the number of cadmium ions in kidney tubule cells, reabsorption, degradation of cadmium metallothionein complexes, and excess production of metallothionein by renal tubules ( Davenport, 2020 ; Zavala-Guevara et al, 2021 ). Cadmium toxicity observed in the renal cortex of laboratory rats ( Rattus rattus ) resulted in cytosolic damage and renal malfunction after oral administration of cadmium chloride (CdCl 2 ) ( Alimba et al, 2021 ; Hashim et al, 2018 ; Siddiqui, 2010 ).…”