Bioremediation of Raw Landfill Leachate Using Galdieria sulphuraria: An Algal-Based System for Landfill Leachate Treatment

Selvaratnam, Thinesh; Pan, Shanglei; Rahman, Ashiqur; Tan, Melissa; Kharel, Hari Lal; Agrawal, Saumya; Nawaz, Tabish

doi:10.3390/w14152389

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A wide range of application possibilities is provided by Cyanidiales, including purifying contaminated soils and waters and exploiting their mixotrophic lifestyles to facilitate the effective production of bioproducts like phycocyanin and floridosides [ 50 ]. Among the three Cyanidilaes species, Galdieria sulphuraria is found to be well-suited for practical applications in biotechnology because of its advantageous mass production capabilities and lack of biological contamination [ 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ].…”

Section: Cyanidiales and Their Effectiveness In Heavy Metal Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanidiales-Based Bioremediation of Heavy Metals

Kharel

Shrestha

Tan

et al. 2023

BioTech

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With growing urbanization and ongoing development activities, the consumption of heavy metals has been increasing globally. Although heavy metals are vital for the survival of living beings, they can become hazardous when they surpass the permissible limit. The effect of heavy metals varies from normal to acute depending on the individual, so it is necessary to treat the heavy metals before releasing them into the environment. Various conventional treatment technologies have been used based on physical, chemical, and biological methods. However, due to technical and economic constraints and poor sustainability towards the environment, the use of these technologies has been limited. Microalgal-based heavy metal removal has been explored for the past few decades and has been seen as an effective, environment-friendly, and inexpensive method compared to conventional treatment technology. Cyanidiales that belong to red algae have the potential for remediation of heavy metals as they can withstand and tolerate extreme stresses of heat, acid salts, and heavy metals. Cyanidiales are the only photosynthetic organisms that can survive and thrive in acidic mine drainage, where heavy metal contamination is often prevalent. This review focuses on the algal species belonging to three genera of Cyanidiales: Cyanidioschyzon, Cyanidium, and Galdieria. Papers published after 2015 were considered in order to examine these species’ efficiency in heavy metal removal. The result is summarized as maximum removal efficiency at the optimum experimental conditions and based on the parameters affecting the metal ion removal efficiency. This study finds that pH, initial metal concentration, initial algal biomass concentration, algal strains, and growth temperature are the major parameters that affect the heavy metal removal efficiency of Cyanidiales.

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Section: Cyanidiales and Their Effectiveness In Heavy Metal Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanidiales-Based Bioremediation of Heavy Metals

Kharel

Shrestha

Tan

et al. 2023

BioTech

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“…The capacity for HR transgene integration into its nuclear genome, minimal intron content, and general ease of handling make C. merolae 10D an exciting candidate for green (red) synthetic biology and metabolic engineering investigations (Lang et al, 2020;Pancha et al, 2021). Its extreme growth requirements also allow C. merolae to be cultivated with minimal risk of contamination and could be a promising host for industrial-scale algal waste-stream conversion processes (Delanka-Pedige et al, 2019;Selvaratnam et al, 2022). In addition, Cyanidiales phycocyanin is more thermostable than that currently sourced from Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) and is a potentially valuable co-product which can be a co-product from engineered cell biomass (Rahman et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineered ketocarotenoid biosynthesis in the polyextremophilic red microalgaCyanidioschyzon merolae10D

Seger

Mammadova

Villegas-Valencia

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The polyextremophilic Cyanidiales are eukaryotic red microalgae with promising biotechnological properties arising from their low pH and elevated temperature requirements which can minimize culture contamination at scale. Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D is a cell wall deficient species with a fully sequenced genome that is amenable to nuclear transgene integration by targeted homologous recombination. C. merolae maintains a minimal carotenoid profile and here, we sought to determine its capacity for ketocarotenoid accumulation mediated by heterologous expression of a green algal beta-carotene ketolase (BKT) and hydroxylase (CHYB). To achieve this, a synthetic transgene expression cassette system was built to integrate and express Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Cr) sourced enzymes by fusing native C. merolae transcription, translation and chloroplast targeting signals to codon-optimized coding sequences. Chloramphenicol resistance was used to select for the integration of synthetic linear DNAs into a neutral site within the host genome. CrBKT expression caused accumulation of canthaxanthin and adonirubin as major carotenoids while co-expression of CrBKT with CrCHYB generated astaxanthin as the major carotenoid in C. merolae. Unlike green algae and plants, ketocarotenoid accumulation in C. merolae did not reduce total carotenoid contents, but chlorophyll a reduction was observed. Light intensity affected global ratios of all pigments but not individual pigment compositions and phycocyanin contents were not markedly different between parental strain and transformants. Continuous illumination was found to encourage biomass accumulation and all strains could be cultivated in simulated summer conditions from two different extreme desert environments. Our findings present the first example of carotenoid metabolic engineering in a red eukaryotic microalga and open the possibility for use of C. merolae 10D for simultaneous production of phycocyanin and ketocarotenoid pigments.

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“…The capacity for HR transgene integration into its nuclear genome, minimal intron content, and general ease of handling make C. merolae 10D an exciting candidate for green (red) synthetic biology and metabolic engineering investigations ( Lang et al, 2022 ; Pancha et al, 2021 ). Its extreme growth requirements also allow C. merolae to be cultivated with minimal risk of contamination and could be a promising host for industrial-scale algal waste-stream conversion processes ( Delanka-Pedige et al, 2019 ; Selvaratnam et al, 2022 ). In addition, phycocyanin from the Cyanidiophyceae is more thermostable than that currently sourced from Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) and is a potential valuable co-product from engineered cell biomass ( Rahman et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%