Bioresponsive Nanomaterials: Recent Advances in Cancer Multimodal Imaging and Imaging-Guided Therapy

Abstract

Cancer is a serious health problem which increasingly causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. It causes abnormal and uncontrolled cell division. Traditional cancer treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and so on. These traditional therapies suffer from high toxicity and arouse safety concern in normal area and have difficulty in accurately targeting tumour. Recently, a variety of nanomaterials could be used for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Nanomaterials have several advantages, e.g., high concentration in tumour via targeting design, reduced toxicity in normal area and controlled drug release after various rational designs. They can combine with many types of biomaterials in order to improve biocompatibility. In this review, we outlined the latest research on the use of bioresponsive nanomaterials for various cancer imaging modalities (magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography and phototacoustic imaging) and imaging-guided therapy means (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy), followed by discussing the challenges and future perspectives of this bioresponsive nanomaterials in biomedicine.

Breakthroughs in nanozyme-inspired application diversity

“…(4) To elevate the treatment efficiency, combined or synergistic therapy is usually encouraged. [139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158] Inspired by this, nanozymes can be integrated with immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and other ROS-highlighted therapy to magnify the treatment efficiency. This direction will also arouse more interests, propelling clinical translation especially when imparting these functions into one platform and realizing the all-in-one strategy.…”

Nanomedicine as a multimodal therapeutic paradigm against cancer: on the way forward in advancing precision therapy

“…151 Recently, various inorganic nanoplatforms with high absorption cross-sections with the ability to convert external energy, like radiofrequency, ultrasound, magnetic field, laser, microwave, etc., into heat to improve thermo-chemotherapy have been studied by various research groups. 152,153 NIR-sensitive photothermal nanoparticles (e.g., gold nanoparticles/nano- Adjacent to this, we see a cancer stem cell from the primary organ, its differentiation, and the ineffectiveness of conventional therapies, leading to tumor growth and metastasis. In contrast, CSC-specific therapies lead to tumor regression.…”

“…, into heat to improve thermo-chemotherapy have been studied by various research groups. 152,153 NIR-sensitive photothermal nanoparticles ( e.g. , gold nanoparticles/nanorods/nanocages/nanoshells [AuNP/AuNR/AuNC/AuNS], carbon nanocrystals [NCs], fullerenes [ e.g.…”

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

“…However, traditional approaches suffer from tumor cell insensitivity and resistance to treatment due to genetic instability and heterogeneity [ 87 ]. The limited therapeutic efficacy and toxic side effects on normal tissues hinder the treatment of tumors [ 88 ]. Cancer cell bionanotechnology provides a new way to overcome the shortcomings of conventional treatments.…”