Bios-3: Siberian Experiments in Bioregenerative Life Support

Salisbury, Frank B.; Gitelson, J. I.; Lisovsky, G.M.

doi:10.2307/1313164

Cited by 143 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…15 years, three closed life support tests were conducted with human crews (two or three people) in which crops were grown in up to three 20.4 m 2 "phytotrons" (plant growth chambers) to provide much of the food and all of the oxygen (Gitelson et al, 1976(Gitelson et al, , 1989Salisbury et al, 1997). Algae (Chlorella) cultivators were used in some tests, and could produce up to 1800 L O 2 day -1…”

Section: Plants For Space Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Agriculture for Space: People and Places Paving the Way

Wheeler

2017

Open Agriculture

130

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Section: Plants For Space Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Agriculture for Space: People and Places Paving the Way

Wheeler

2017

Open Agriculture

130

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“…It should be noted that the approaches to air handling, water recovery from evaporated transpiration and respiration moisture (using condensing heat exchangers, for example), and gas exchange used in BIOS-1, BIOS-2, and BIOS-3 (Gitelson et al, 1989(Gitelson et al, , 2003bSalisbury et al, 1997), NASA's Biomass Production Chamber (Wheeler et al, 1993(Wheeler et al, , 2008b), NASA's Variable Pressure Growth Chamber (Barta et al, 1998), Biosphere Laboratory (Nelson et al, 2009), and others, have much in common. At the same time, they were designed to study different strategies of food production and waste recycling.…”

Section: Experimental Facilities: Closed Water Loopmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 315 m 3 BIOS-3 facility, more than ten food crops were grown to support a crew of 3 people for half a year under closure conditions (Gitelson et al, 1989;Salisbury et al, 1997). A closed water cycle was provided by collecting all evapotranspired water, recovering water from human wastes by membrane technology, evaporation, and ion exchange.…”

Section: Experimental Facilities: Closed Water Loopmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Closed bioregenerative life support systems: Applicability to hot deserts

Polyakov¹,

Musaev

Polyakov³

2010

Nature Precedings

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Water scarcity in hot deserts, which cover about one-fifth of the Earth's land area, along with rapid expansion of hot deserts into arable lands is one of the key global environmental problems.As hot deserts are extreme habitats characterized by the availability of solar energy with a nearly complete absence of organic life and water, space technology achievements in designing closed ecological systems may be applicable to the design of sustainable settlements in the deserts. This review discusses the key space technology findings for closed biogenerative life support systems (CBLSS), which can simultaneously produce food, water, nutrients, fertilizers, process wastes, and revitalize air, that can be applied to hot deserts. Among them are the closed cycle of water and the acceleration of the cycling times of carbon, biogenic compounds, and nutrients by adjusting the levels of light intensity, temperature, carbon dioxide, and air velocity over plant canopies. Enhanced growth of algae and duckweed at higher levels of carbon dioxide and light intensity can be important to provide complete water recycling and augment biomass production.The production of fertilizers and nutrients can be enhanced by applying the subsurface flow wetland technology and hyper-thermophilic aerobic bacteria for treating liquid and solid wastes.The mathematical models, optimization techniques, and non-invasive measuring techniques developed for CBLSS make it possible to monitor and optimize the performance of such closed ecological systems. The results of long-duration experiments performed in BIOS-3, Biosphere 2, Laboratory Biosphere, and other ground-based closed test facilities suggest that closed water cycle can be achieved in hot-desert bioregenerative systems using the pathways of evapotranspiration, condensation, and biological wastewater treatment technologies. We suggest that the state of the art in the CBLSS design along with the possibility of using direct sunlight for * Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-347-673-7747. E-mail address: ypolyakov@uspolyresearch.com (Yu.S. Polyakov). 2 photosynthesis and recent advances in photovoltaic engineering can be used as a basis for building sustainable settlements producing food, water, and energy in hot deserts.

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“…This is a requirement for long-duration exploratory manned missions to fulfil the needs of a crew including nutritional demand, atmosphere regeneration, and psychological support [1,2]. One of the key elements for CELSS are plants [3][4][5], as they regenerate ambient air by photosynthesis, help water recovery by transpiration, supply fresh food or nutritional needs for crews and can be used for the recycling of wastes. A maximum of biological materials could be reused for plant cultivation thanks to various effective waste processing techniques [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Interfacial Phenomena During Condensation of Humid Air on a Horizontal Substrate

Tiwari

Fontaine

Kondjoyan³

et al. 2013

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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IFP Energies nouvelles International Conference Rencontres Scientifiques d'IFP Energies nouvellesRe´sume´-Investigation de phe´nome`nes interfaciaux au cours de la condensation d'air humide sur un substrat horizontal -La condensation d'air humide sur des substrats solides peut se produire dans beaucoup d'applications et ce phe´nome`ne est reconnu comme un des proble`mes les plus difficiles a`traiter pour l'ame´lioration de la qualite´de l'air dans un espace clos. L'e´tude pre´sente´e a e´te´motive´e par l'e´tude du couplage entre la ventilation et la condensation al 'inte´rieur d'e´cosyste`mes clos artificiels (CELSS, Controled Ecological Life Support Systems), puisque ce couplage joue un roˆle important sur la croissance de plantes supe´rieures dans des serres et sur les conditions de vie dans des cabines spatiales habite´es, particulie`rement pour les vols de longue dure´e ou les futures bases spatiales. Il est bien connu que l'augmentation des e´changes gazeux au niveau des feuilles et la croissance des plantes de´pendent des conditions organoleptiques et/ou des facteurs thermo-physiques environnants. Une convection insuffisante autour des plantes et de la condensation sur les feuilles limitent la croissance en supprimant la diffusion de gaz dans la couche limite de la feuille diminuant ainsi les taux de photosynthe`se et de transpiration. Ainsi, l'optimisation d'un CELSS ne´cessitera le controˆle du flux d'air et du transfert gaz/liquide concomitant aux interfaces des plantes. Les mode`les expe´rimentaux et the´oriques de CELSS exigent une compre´hension comple`te des transferts gaz/liquide de l'e´chelle microscopique a`l'e´chelle macroscopique. Un dispositif expe´rimental a e´te´de´veloppe´en gravite´terrestre pour e´valuer les coefficients de transfert de matie`re pour la condensation d'air humide sur des ge´ome´tries spe´cifiques dans des conditions environnementales controˆle´es pre´cise´ment. Le but e´tait d'e´tablir des corre´lations entre les flux de matie`re et de chaleur, l'humidite´relative et l'e´coulement moyen pour le de´veloppement de mode`les the´oriques base´s sur des coefficients de transfert locaux. Les expe´riences ont e´teé xe´cute´es a`tempe´rature ambiante, avec une humidite´relative comprise entre 35 et 70 % et pour une gamme de vitesse de 1,0 a`3,0 m.s À1 .Abstract -Investigation of Interfacial Phenomena During Condensation of Humid Air on a Horizontal Substrate -The condensation phenomenon of humid air on solid substrates can occur in many applications, and it is known as one of the most difficult problem to deal with for the improvement of the quality of air in a closed environment. The present study was motivated by the investigation of the coupling between ventilation and condensation inside Controlled Ecological Oil & Gas Science and Technology -Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles, Vol. 69 (2014), No. 3, pp. 445-456 Copyright Ó 2013, IFP Energies nouvelles DOI: 10.2516 Life Support Systems (CELSS), as it has an important role for higher plants growth in greenhouses and living condition...

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Bios-3: Siberian Experiments in Bioregenerative Life Support

Cited by 143 publications

References 17 publications

Agriculture for Space: People and Places Paving the Way

Agriculture for Space: People and Places Paving the Way

Closed bioregenerative life support systems: Applicability to hot deserts

Investigation of Interfacial Phenomena During Condensation of Humid Air on a Horizontal Substrate

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