Biosafety and Toxicological Evaluation of Tissue-Cultured Echinacea purpurea Adventitious Roots

Abstract

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (purple cone flower) is an important medicinal plant; it can enhance immunity, relieve pain, and reduce inflammation, and also has hormonal, antiviral, and antioxidant effects. Adventitious root biomass of Echinacea purpurea was produced in commercial-scale bioreactors for use as a dietary supplement in the food industry and in traditional medicine. Biosafety and toxicological evaluations of tissue-cultured Echinacea purpurea adventitious roots (TCEPARs) were performed. Reverse mutation and chromosomal aberration tests showed no significant mutagenicity. Furthermore, repeated four-week oral dose tests performed in Sprague-Dawley rats did not show any notable changes in the general behavior of the rats, in the gross appearance of their internal organs, or in their mortality rate. There were no differences between the control group and the treatment group in parameters such as absolute body weight, hematology, blood chemistry, and absolute and relative organ weights. These findings indicate that TCEPARs are safe and nontoxic when consumed at an average dietary level and can be used as raw material for traditional medicine and the food industry.

Antioxidative and Immunomodulating Properties of Aronia melanocarpa Extract Rich in Anthocyanins

“…The resulting effect may be related to the ability of Echinacea, preferentially chicoric acid and echinacin, to stimulate bone tissue, bone marrow and hematopoietic stem cells [ 32 ]. According to Murthy et al [ 33 ], the treatment of rats with Echinacea slightly changed the level of platelets.…”