Biosensors for Non-Invasive Detection of Celiac Disease Biomarkers in Body Fluids

Abstract

Celiac disease is a chronic gluten-initiated autoimmune disorder that predominantly damages the mucosa of the small intestine in genetically-susceptible individuals. It affects a large and increasing number of the world’s population. The diagnosis of this disease and monitoring the response of patients to the therapy, which is currently a life-long gluten-free diet, require the application of reliable, rapid, sensitive, selective, simple, and cost-effective analytical tools. Celiac disease biomarker detection in full blood, serum, or plasma offers a non-invasive way to do this and is well-suited to being the first step of diagnosis. Biosensors provide a novel and alternative way to perform conventional techniques in biomarker sensing, in which electrode material and architecture play important roles in achieving sensitive, selective, and stable detection. There are many opportunities to build and modify biosensor platforms using various materials and detection methods, and the aim of the present review is to summarize developments in this field.

Paper based microfluidic devices: a review of fabrication techniques and applications

“…These include human breast milk, saliva, perspiration, and urine. These fluids have also been used for monitoring blood sugar, diagnosing celiac disease, evaluating alteration in body fluids, measuring pH and sodium levels in saliva and sweat, determining body fluid dynamics, and more ( [150][151][152], etc.). A DNA aptamer-based sensor was developed [153] to identify dopamine in urine.…”

Advances in Detecting Ciguatoxins in Fish

“…Interestingly, electrochemical biosensors, except for CE and the recently constructed electrode array ECS, have not been developed for CTX detection in fish tissue, possibly due to the lack of sufficient amounts and types of CTX antibodies. Solving the antibody problem in the future may stimulate large-scale development in this field, especially since antibody-based methods offer the potential for miniaturization and development of portable devices and POC tests [ 139 , 140 , 141 ]. The application of LC-MS/MS for CTXs detection was an important break-through in CTX screening, because this method is sufficiently sensitive, selective, and unique in providing toxin profiles.…”

On the Need for the Development of a Cancer Early detection, diagnostic, prognosis, and Treatment Response System

“…Biosensors typically consist of a biological sensing element (enzymes, antibodies, DNA/RNA, tissues or other biomolecules) and an electrochemical transducer [24], are analytical tools which have applications in detecting biomarkers of different diseases including neurological, cancer, cardiovascular and immune disorders [25][26][27][28][29][30]. Electrochemical biosensors are widely developed and have broad applications including in environmental, agricultural, biological, biomedical, biotechnological, clinical and medical diagnostics and health monitoring [31,32].…”