“…Additonally, many enzymes need cofactors for the detection of substances (http://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech Environ/BIOSEN/enzbio.htm). Biosensors for heavy metals have been mainly developed in environmental analysis in water (Evtugyn et al 1999). As far as enzyme biosensors for heavy metal determination are concerned, a certain number of papers have appeared, reporting the use of different enzymes and biosensor configurations/transducers , Compagnone et al 1995and Donlan et al 1989b, Starodub et al 1999, Vel Krawczyc et al 2000, Pirvutoiu et al 2001, and Dzyadevych et al 2003.…”