Biosensors in Animal Biotechnology

Arya, Aditya; Gangwar, Anamika; Kumar, Amit

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818823-1.00006-5

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…In microencapsulation, two methods are preferred: (i) Phase separation (coacervation) of enzyme micro-droplets in water-immiscible liquid phases and (ii) polymerization of a monomer at the interface of two immiscible substances (interfacial polymerization). This process results in the obscuration of the enzyme within the polymeric membrane [61,[70][71][72][73] Direct covalent binding is the most widely used enzyme immobilization technique, in which the biorecognition element is firmly bonded either to the electrode/transducer surface or to the inert matrix of the membrane. The immobilization process through the membrane matrix involves two steps: Synthesis of the functional polymer and covalent immobilization.…”

Section: (B) Physical Entrapmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have demonstrated interesting absorption characteristics that vary depending upon their aggregation state. Furthermore, GNPs are more biocompatible, easier to bioconjugate, and less toxic than QDs [ 61 ]. Feng et al fabricated an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-based biosensor for L-Arg detection, which exhibited acceptable performance in the linear range of 0.1 pM–0.1 mM with a detection limit of 0.01 pM [ 62 ].…”

Section: Biosensormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two important immobilization methods are widely familiar: Physical (reversible) and chemical (irreversible). The selection of a suitable technique relies on the biorecognition element chosen, the transducer, and the physical-chemical environment and on the characteristics of the analyte [ 61 , 70 ].…”

Section: Biosensormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Advantages of physical adsorption method include its simple and economical process that it is non-destructive toward bioreceptor activity, and requires no modification of biological elements and generation of a matrix. The disadvantages of this method include that immobilization is susceptible to changes in pH, temperature, and ionic strength, is connected by a feeble interactions, and has poor operational and storage stability [ 61 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ].…”

Section: Biosensormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The organic materials used are polydimethylsiloxane, photopolymer, gelatin, alginate, cellulose, acetate phthalate, modified polypropylene, and polyacrylamide, whereas the inorganic materials are activated carbon and porous ceramic materials. Frequently used techniques in this process are ( i ) electropolymerization, ( ii ) the sol-gel process, and ( iii ) microencapsulation [ 61 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ].…”

Section: Biosensormentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on Biosensors and Recent Development of Nanostructured Materials-Enabled Biosensors

Naresh

Lee

2021

Sensors

1,096

427

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A biosensor is an integrated receptor-transducer device, which can convert a biological response into an electrical signal. The design and development of biosensors have taken a center stage for researchers or scientists in the recent decade owing to the wide range of biosensor applications, such as health care and disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring, water and food quality monitoring, and drug delivery. The main challenges involved in the biosensor progress are (i) the efficient capturing of biorecognition signals and the transformation of these signals into electrochemical, electrical, optical, gravimetric, or acoustic signals (transduction process), (ii) enhancing transducer performance i.e., increasing sensitivity, shorter response time, reproducibility, and low detection limits even to detect individual molecules, and (iii) miniaturization of the biosensing devices using micro-and nano-fabrication technologies. Those challenges can be met through the integration of sensing technology with nanomaterials, which range from zero- to three-dimensional, possessing a high surface-to-volume ratio, good conductivities, shock-bearing abilities, and color tunability. Nanomaterials (NMs) employed in the fabrication and nanobiosensors include nanoparticles (NPs) (high stability and high carrier capacity), nanowires (NWs) and nanorods (NRs) (capable of high detection sensitivity), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (large surface area, high electrical and thermal conductivity), and quantum dots (QDs) (color tunability). Furthermore, these nanomaterials can themselves act as transduction elements. This review summarizes the evolution of biosensors, the types of biosensors based on their receptors, transducers, and modern approaches employed in biosensors using nanomaterials such as NPs (e.g., noble metal NPs and metal oxide NPs), NWs, NRs, CNTs, QDs, and dendrimers and their recent advancement in biosensing technology with the expansion of nanotechnology.

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