Biosorción y tolerancia de Pb, Cr y Cd por la biomasa de Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. Ex Fr.) P. Kumm

Abstract

A nivel mundial, el uso indiscriminado de productos metálicos vertidos en agua utilizada en la agricultura ha generado una grave contaminación, por lo tanto, es importante establecer una metodología para su descontaminación a través de procesos biológicos, con hongos basidiomicetos ya que se ha demostrado que pueden degradar una serie de contaminantes orgánicos persistentes utilizando enzimas extracelulares, además de eliminar metales disueltos del agua mediante biosorción, actuando, como un intercambiador natural. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron determinar entre tres metales (Pb, Cr y Cd) cuál fue removido más eficientemente de la solución acuosa por el micelio del hongo Pleurotus ostreatus, así como evaluar su tolerancia y describir los efectos causados por cada uno sobre su estructura celular. La adsorción de metales por el micelio en medio líquido se evaluó utilizando medio Kirk modificado, se cuantificaron las concentraciones retenidas durante 8 días en solución de 20 mg L-1 de cada elemento, los resultados indicaron que la adsorción de Pb (75%) fue la más eficiente, seguida de Cr (42%) y Cd (2.25%). En los resultados en medio de cultivo sólido (PDA) ninguna concentración de Pb y Cr inhibió el crecimiento del micelio, sin embargo, con Cd se inhibió a partir de 60 mg L-1; no obstante, los tres elementos causaron en el micelio alteraciones a nivel estructural. En conclusión, la cepa de P. ostreatus presento tolerancia y biosorción significativa (p≤ 0.05) para

Application of fungal biomass of the genus Pleurotus in the bioremediation of Doce River waters after the crime disaster in Mariana/MG: an analysis between the years 2015 and 2018

“…Wu et al (2016) reported that Pleurotus eryngii removed up to 92.17% of Mn from aqueous solutions after 15 days of incubation, supporting the ndings of the present study Aguilar et al (2021). assessed the capability of Pleurotus ostreatus to remove metals from aqueous solutions, nding the highest removal e ciencies for Pb (75%), followed by Cr (42%) and Cd (2.25%).…”

Heavy Metal Remediation by Dry Mycelium Membranes: Approaches to Sustainable Lead Remediation in Water

“…The images show homogeneous sorption of Pb­(II) ions (Figure d) and a few particulates (inset in Figure b) distributed along the hyphae, which are in correspondence with the available functional groups (Figure e,f). Similar studies on the sorption of heavy metals, such as Zn–Pb­(II) (deposited on root epiderma) and chromium (deposited on live mycelium), showed the formation of particulate-like heavy metal crystals. This indicates the ability of dry hyphae, similar to live networks, to adsorb metal ions leaching from salt solutions and precipitate at the hyphal surface.…”

The Use of the Biomass of a Macromycete Fungus for the Bioremediation of Chromium (VI) in Solution

“…On the other hand, the highest metal adsorption was observed at a pH of 1.0 with the analyzed biomass (Fig. 2), which is similar to that reported for P. sajor-cajor, G. lucidum and A. bitorquis, with an optimal pH of 2.0 and 2.5 for the elimination of Iron (III), Nickel and Cobalt [45], but some authors report different pH values optimal for the removal of this and other metals, such as A. bisporus biomass, in which the maximum removal efficiencies were 79.82%, and 67.30% at pH 7.5 and pH 5.5 for Cadmium (II) and Zinc (II), respectively [39], for the biosorption of Cadmium, Lead, and Copper by organic carbon of A. bisporus and P. ostreatus, it was observed that an increase in pH increased the adsorption capacity [18], a pH of 5.0 for the biosorption of different heavy metals by peach pod modified and colonized by A. blazei [41], different pH values (3.5, 4.5, 6.0 and 6.5), for H. tawa [42], a pH of 8.0 for A. campestris used as a biosorbent in the treatment of wastewater containing Copper and Lead ions in a dynamic process [43], an initial pH of 6.0 for the biosorption of cupric ions for a chitosan compound from A. bisporus [44], and for different mushrooms [45], a pH between 5.0 and 7.0 for removal of Chromium, Copper, Lead and Mercury by different macromycetes [22,24,45] and [48]. This is probably since the dominant species (CrO4 2and Cr2O7 2of Cr ions in solution, interact more strongly with the ligands carrying positive charges [47,49].…”

“…Therefore, it is very important to try to eliminate the greatest number of pollutants from the different contaminated ecological niches to reduce said contamination and reduce the risks to human health. The elimination of different heavy metals and other contaminants by this type of fungi has been reported, such as: The biosorption of Cadmium, Lead and Copper by organic carbon of A. bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus [18,19], the accumulation of Mercury, Cadmium, Lead and Arsenic by Amanita ponderosa, Boletus edulis, Marasmius oreades and Tricholoma georgii [20], the accumulation of different heavy metals by the edible fungi Melanoleuca cognata and Melanoleuca stridula [21], the removal of Copper (II) by different macromycetes [22], the removal of Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) by a mineral-rich compound of A. bisporus [23], the removal of Mercury, Lead, Cadmium and Chromium by P. ostreatus [24], the removal of Lead and Cadmium in water by biochar from Ganoderma lucidum [25], the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals by P. ostreatus and Megathyrsus maximus [26], and the removal of heavy metals from coal wash effluents with the fungus P. ostreatus [27]. On the other hand, the adsorption efficiency of other pollutants such as: paracetamol and α-ethynyl estradiol (EE2) by A. bisporus and Lentinula edodes has also been reported [28], the removal of sulfonamides by P. ostreatus [29], acid red 97 and crystal violet by A. bisporus [30], malachite green by different macromycetes [31], and textile dyes using Trametes versicolor, P. ostreatus and A. bisporus [32].…”