Biosorption of B-aflatoxins Using Biomasses Obtained from Formosa Firethorn [Pyracantha koidzumii (Hayata) Rehder]

Abstract

Mycotoxin adsorption onto biomaterials is considered as a promising alternative for decontamination without harmful chemicals. In this research, the adsorption of B-aflatoxins (AFB1 and AFB2) using Pyracantha koidzumii biomasses (leaves, berries and the mixture of leaves/berries) from aqueous solutions was explored. The biosorbent was used at 0.5% (w/v) in samples spiked with 100 ng/mL of B-aflatoxin standards and incubated at 40 °C for up to 24 h. A standard biosorption methodology was employed and aflatoxins were quantified by an immunoaffinity column and UPLC methodologies. The biosorbent-aflatoxin interaction mechanism was investigated from a combination of zeta potential (ζ), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The highest aflatoxin uptakes were 86% and 82% at 6 h using leaves and the mixture of leaves/berries biomasses, respectively. A moderate biosorption of 46% was attained when using berries biomass. From kinetic studies, the biosorption process is described using the first order adsorption model. Evidence from FTIR spectra suggests the participation of hydroxyl, amine, carboxyl, amide, phosphate and ketone groups in the biosorption and the mechanism was proposed to be dominated by the electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged functional groups and the positively charged aflatoxin molecules. Biosorption by P. koidzumii biomasses has been demonstrated to be an alternative to conventional systems for B-aflatoxins removal.

Assessing the Aflatoxin B1 Adsorption Capacity between Biosorbents Using an In Vitro Multicompartmental Model Simulating the Dynamic Conditions in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Poultry

“…Furthermore, the three biosorbents exhibited higher quantities of functional groups associated with the hydroxyl, carboxyl, amide, phosphate, and ketone groups ( Figure 4 a–c). These groups played the significant role of adsorption in the elimination of aflatoxin, which is in agreement with our previous work [ 7 ]. The zeolite also showed two distinctive bands at 3624 and 3564 cm −1 due to the presence of Al 3+ –OH in the octahedral sheet and to the octahedral Fe 3+ –OH, respectively [ 31 , 32 ].…”

“…The zeolite presented an average zeta potential value of −16.7 mV. These results are in accordance with Ma et al [ 12 ] and Ramales-Valderrama et al [ 7 ] who reported zeta potential values of −16.2 mV and −21.8 mV for banana peel and Pyracantha leaves, respectively. Figure 1 shows the zeta potential of the biosorbents and the zeolite at three different pH values of the in vitro digestive model.…”

“…In general, using the complete in vitro digestion model, the sorption capacity of the biomaterials varied considerably as seen in their corresponding fluorescence spectrum ( Figure 7 ). Various biosorbents, such as Pyracantha koidzumii [ 7 ], banana peel (Cavendish) [ 8 ], yeast and yeast products [ 38 ], agricultural byproducts [ 39 ], and grape pomace (pulp and skins) [ 40 ] have been tested for mycotoxin removal using different in vitro methodologies. However, these methodologies may not be directly applicable to poultry because they did not use consecutive incubation at different pH values, temperatures, and enzymatic activity conditions similar to the different GI compartments emulated in this research.…”

“…Moreover, employing a standard biosorption methodology, our research group reported AFB 1 uptakes up to 86% when using Pyracantha koidzumii biomasses. In the in vitro experiment, the biosorbents were used at 0.5% w/v in samples containing 100 ng/mL of B-aflatoxin standards [ 7 ]. Recently, Solís-Cruz et al [ 41 ] evaluated the AFB 1 -adsorption capacity of chitosan and three cellulosic polymers using an in vitro digestive model.…”

“…It has been reported that biomasses obtained from Pyracantha coccinea berries, banana peels, and orange peels are capable of removing different compounds such as dyes and phenolic compounds [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Our research group reported that biomasses derived from Pyracantha koidzumii (leaves and berries) were able to remove B-aflatoxins in aqueous solutions [ 7 ]. Furthermore, it has been described that banana peel may be an effective and low-cost biosorbent against AFB 1 removal [ 8 ].…”