Biosorption of Cd+2 by green plant biomass, Araucaria heterophylla: characterization, kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic studies

Abstract

The present study attempted to analyze the biosorption behavior of novel biosorbent, Araucaria heterophylla (green plant) biomass, to remove Cd ?2 from solutions against various parameters, i.e., initial metal ion concentration, pH, temperature, sorbent dosage and biomass particle size. The maximum biosorption was found to be 90.02% at pH 5.5 and biosorption capacity (q e ) of Cd ?2 is 9.2506 mg g -1 . The Langmuir and Freundlich equilibrium adsorption isotherms were studied and it was observed that Freundlich model is the best fit than the Langmuir model with correlation co-efficient of 0.999. Kinetic studies indicated that the biosorption process of Cd ?2 well followed the pseudo-second-order model with R 2 0.999. Thermodynamic studies observed that the process is exothermic (DH°negative). Free energy change (DG°) with negative sign reflected the feasibility and spontaneous nature of the process. The chemical functional -OH groups, CH 2 stretching vibrations, C=O carbonyl group of alcohol, C=O carbonyl group of amide, P=O stretching vibrations and -CH groups were involved in the biosorption process. The XRD pattern of the A. heterophylla was found to be mostly amorphous in nature. The SEM studies showed Cd ?2 biosorption on selective grains of the biosorbent. It was concluded that A. heterophylla leaf powder can be used as an effective, low-cost, and environmentally friendly biosorbent for the removal of Cd ?2 from aqueous solution.

Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites: Preparations and Utilization for Pollutants Removal

“…Efforts have been conducted to remove the toxic heavy metals from water using clay as the support and chitosan as the polymer [ 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 ]. Divalent copper ions were removed from water using chitosan–silver NPs clay composite with a maximum adsorption capacity (181.6 mg/g) at pH 7 [ 94 ].…”

“…This adsorbent offered high adsorption capacity of 15.82, 21.55, and 26.38 mg/g respectively for Ni (II), Cu (II), and Pb(II) [ 104 ]. An exothermic adsorption was observed for these metals as concluded from the thermodynamic parameters with the decreasing of the entropy behavior [ 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 ]. Additionally, adsorption of Cu (II) was spontaneous only at 25 °C, while that of Pb (II) was always spontaneous.…”

Evidence for the Augmented Cd(II) Biosorption by Cd(II) resistant strain Candida tropicalis XTA1874 From Contaminated Aqueous Medium

“…Biosorbents are quite omnipresent in our environment and can be of microbial origin such as whole cell bacteria, fungi or algae and cell wall saccharide materials derived from them [11][12][13][14][15][16] . Other biological materials of phytological and zoological origin such as whole plant biomass, stem powder, grape pomace, rose wastes, peat [17][18][19][20][21][22] . Among all the biological adsorbents used in the remediation process, living microbial cells are quite effective in removing cadmium like toxicants from contaminated water bodies 7 .…”

Evaluating the Effect of Ionic Liquid on Biosorption Potential of Peanut Waste: Experimental and Theoretical Studies

“…Adsorption is the only versatile, advanced, and most widely used technique for metal removal due to flexibility in its design and operation and cost effectiveness . A number of common agricultural waste materials and natural polymers have been reported as effective biosorbents for removal of heavy metals in the recent literature. − Likewise, peanut husk (PH) can serve as a potent biosorbent for heavy metals . PH comprises the lignocellulosic peanut shell and polyphenolic peanut skin (PS).…”