“…The mildew that often occurs during germination is responsible for uneven and low germination rates (Peter et al, 1998). Biological and chemical pre-sowing seed treatments have been used for better seed germination and these treatments are considered cost effective and also harmful to the environment (Iqbal et al, 2012a) and the environmental safety is also an important issue worldwide, which already has been contaminated and polluted with toxic agents due to urbanization and industrialization (Abbas et al, 2015;Adesola et al, 2016;Babarinde and Onyiaocha, 2016;Bilal et al, 2014;Iqbal et al, 2013Iqbal, 2016;Iqbal andBhatti, 2014, 2015;Iqbal and Khera, 2015;Iqbal and Nisar, 2015;Jamal et al, 2015;Manzoor et al, 2013;Qureshi et al, 2015;Sayed, 2015;Ukpaka, 2016;Ukpaka et al, 2015;Ullah et al, 2013;Younas et al, 2015). Therefore, it is important to adopt sustainable agricultural practices i.e., environmental friendly, affordable and safe methods Majkowska-Gadomska et al, 2015;Maqsood et al, 2013).…”