Biosorption of chromium (VI) from textile waste water using <i>luffa cylindrica</i> activated carbon

Nwosu‐Obieogu, Kenechi; Okolo, B. I.

doi:10.1002/tqem.21687

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…A maximum Cr (VI) removal efficiency of 97% was achieved using activated carbon derived from paper sludge [44]. It was also reported a maximum adsorption capacity of 188.5 mg/g using activated carbon derived from luffa cylindrica [45]. Moreover, many studies have been undertaken to evaluate the potential of employing water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as an adsorbent for chromium removal from wastewater [46][47][48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solution with activated carbon derived from Eichhornia crassipes under response surface methodology

2023

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Tannery industries’ effluent contains a high concentration of Cr (VI) which has the potential to affect the environment and public health. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the optimization of Cr (VI) adsorption by activated carbon (AC) derived from Eichhornia crassipes from an aqueous solution. The adsorbent was activated with dilute sulfuric acid followed by thermal activation. AC was characterized using proximate analysis, SEM, FTIR, X-ray diffraction, and the BET method. The Cr (VI) removal optimization process was performed using a central composite design under the response surface methodology. The proximate analysis showed that the moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, and fixed carbon of the activated carbon were 5.6%, 18.2%, 14.4%, and 61.8% respectively. The surface areas of the Eichhornia crassipes before activation, after activation, and after adsorption were 60.6 g/m2, 794.2 g/m2, and 412.6 g/m2 respectively. A highly porous structure with heterogeneous and irregular shapes was observed in the SEM micrograph. In the FTIR analysis, different peaks are indicated with various functional groups. The intensity of XRD peaks decreased as 2 theta values increased, which indicates the presence of an amorphous carbon arrangement. The point of zero charge (pHpzc) of the activated carbon was found to be 5.20. A maximum Cr (VI) removal of 98.4% was achieved at pH 5, contact time 90 min, adsorbent dose 2 g, and initial Cr (VI) concentration of 2.25 mg/L. Statistically significant interactions (P < 0.05) were observed between the initial Cr (VI) concentration and adsorbent dose as well as the initial Cr (VI) concentration and contact time. Langmuir adsorption isotherm fitted the experimental data best, with an R2 value of 0.99. The separation constant (RL) indicates that the adsorption process is favorable. The kinetic experimental data were best fitted with the pseudo-second-order model with an R2 value of 0.99 whereas the adsorption rate is controlled by intraparticle and extragranular diffusion processes. Generally, the AC has the potential to be a strong adsorbent candidate for wastewater treatment at the industrial level.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solution with activated carbon derived from Eichhornia crassipes under response surface methodology

2023

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“…Exhibit revealed that by an increase in contact time, the removal efficiency of heavy metal increased until a stable plateau region appeared at 300 min, indicating an equilibrium condition (Jeyaseelan & Gupta, 2016). For Cr(VI), removal efficiency increased from 18.2% to 93.4% when the contact time was increased from 15 to 300 min, which may be due to the presence of vacant sites at the initial stage (Barot & Bangla, 2012; Nwosu‐Obieogu & Okolo, 2020). However, there is no appreciable change in efficiency with further increase in contact time due to the deposition of ions available on adsorption sites and intraparticle diffusion processes that dominate over adsorption (Amin, Alazba, & Shafiq, 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from this, at low pH, the adsorption decreased due to the electrostatic repulsion of the positive‐charged (H + ) ions (Barot & Bangla, 2012; Parlayici &Pehlivan, 2019). When the pH of the solution increases, the removal percentage increases owing to electrostatic attraction of the positively charged surface over OH ‐ ions (Bayuo, Pelig‐Ba, & Abukari, 2019; Nwosu‐Obieogu & Okolo, 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorptive removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents using cow dung as the biosorbent: Kinetic and isotherm modeling

Saraswat

Demir

Gosu

2020

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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This article investigated an eco-friendly technique for the removal of heavy metals using biosorbent derived from cow dung. Heavy metals bearing wastewater were collected from a common effluent treatment plant located at Sangariya, Jodhpur (Rajasthan, India) to evaluate the removal efficiency of synthesized cow dung-activated carbon. The prepared activated carbon materials have a high surface area in the range of 948-1072 m 2 /g and also have significant quantities of micropore and mesopore volumes. Furthermore, pore diameters were in the range of 2.24-2.33 nm. Surface morphology was improved after being treated with NaOH. The adsorbent material was found to be an efficient medium for the removal of Cr(VI) and Cd(II). The results revealed that more than 95.6% of Cr(VI) and 66.88% of Cd(II) were achieved at the optimized condition of pH12.0, initial concentration of heavy metals 10 mg/L, 300 min of contact time, and the dose of 0.2 g/L, whereas only 16.3% removal efficiency was observed for Ni(II). Equilibrium data have been analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Redlich and Peterson (R-P) isotherm models with the help of nonlinear regression analysis. Experimental data were best fitted for Freundlich and R-P isotherms. K E Y W O R D S adsorption, biosorbent, cow dung-activated carbon (CDAC), heavy metal 1 INTRODUCTION Pure water, vital for a healthy environment, is a resource that is adversely affected both quantitatively and qualitatively by man-made activities. Rapid industrialization and urbanization have brought a real water crisis. Industries continue to be a major cause of water pollution due to diverse kinds of waste, especially toxic heavy metal ions released in water bodies, without adequate treatment (Nguyen et al., 2013). Water quality changes significantly with the presence of toxic heavy metals (Ni, Cd, Zn, Hg, Cr, Pb, Cu, and As) when the level exceeds prescribed limits. Thus, it becomes potentially harmful to all kinds of life on this planet. Heavy metals in water streams originate from the effluent of smelters, mines, and various industries such as batteries, tanneries, electroplating, steel, refining ores, paint manufacture, pesticides, fertilizers, pigment manufacture, printing, and photographic sectors (Babalola, 2018). The nature and composition of industrial effluents depend mainly on raw materials, process, and treatment methods. The ingestion of heavy metals via the food chain, in concentrations above the permissible limit, has a detrimental effect on human physiology and other biological systems. Due to their hazardous tendency of accumulation and toxicity, they pose a severe threat to the function of different organs in the human body and aquatic animals (Fu, & Wang, 2011; Rangabhashiyam, Jayabalan, Rajkumar, & Balasubramanian, 2019). Various agencies, viz., the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), set regulatory limits for

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“…Luffa, as a kind of resource-rich, renewable, and degradable plant fiber, has excellent physical and chemical properties due to its unique microstructures, low density, high porosity, stable chemical composition, and strong mechanical strength. Because of these characteristics, luffa has been applied for biofibers, , biosorbents, , composite materials, − and biofuel cells . A naturally disordered three-dimensional (3D) structure with porous skeletons composed of good hydrophilic cellulose and microporous channels , can not only enhance the light absorbance but also ensure the effective escape of steam, offering a perfect candidate material for SDIE devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveraging Hydrophilic Hierarchical Channels to Regulate Excessive Water for High-Efficiency Solar Steam Yield

Zhao

Wang

Chen

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Both the solar absorptance and water content in solar-driven interface evaporation (SDIE) devices are of equal importance for efficient solar steam yield and freshwater production, but water content regulation has garnered relatively less attention, as it is more challenging to balance the water supply rate and the evaporation rate inside SDIE devices. Herein, an SDIE device is designed by coating natural luffa with polypyrrole, which could effectively regulate the water content during the solar steam yield by its unique hydrophilic hierarchical channels to transform excessive water from the bulk state into the film state on the porous skeleton. The hierarchical channels revealed by cryoelectron microscopy experiments not only reduce the loss of heat in unevaporated water but also offer abundant escape channels for solar steam, thus enabling the proposed SDIE device to achieve an evaporation rate of 2.38 kg m–2 h–1 under 1 sun illumination. This work reveals the key role of hierarchical channels for water regulation in the high-efficiency solar steam yield and triggers further application of natural biomaterials with unique structures in the field of solar interfacial evaporation.

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Biosorption of chromium (VI) from textile waste water using luffa cylindrica activated carbon

Cited by 16 publications

References 56 publications

Optimization of Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solution with activated carbon derived from Eichhornia crassipes under response surface methodology

Optimization of Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solution with activated carbon derived from Eichhornia crassipes under response surface methodology

Adsorptive removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents using cow dung as the biosorbent: Kinetic and isotherm modeling

Leveraging Hydrophilic Hierarchical Channels to Regulate Excessive Water for High-Efficiency Solar Steam Yield

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