Biosorption of Methylene Blue Dye Using Natural Biosorbents Made from Weeds

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to make use of vegetables that, although widely found in nature, there are few applications. The weeds used here, Cyanthilium cinereum (L.) H. Rob (CCLHR) and Paspalum maritimum (PMT) found in the Amazon region of Belém state of Pará-Brazil, contribute to the problem of water contamination by the removal of the methylene blue dye through the biosorption process, taking advantage of other materials for economic viability and processing. The influences of parameters such as, biosorbent dose, contact time, and initial concentration of dye were examined. The characterizations were realized using SEM to verify the morphology of the material and spectroscopy in the FTIR region. As for the adsorption mechanism, the physical adsorption mechanism prevailed. The time required for the system to reach equilibrium for both biosorbents was from 50 min, following a kinetics described by the pseudo-second order model. The adsorption isotherm data for PMT were better adjusted to the Langmuir model and the biosorption capacity ( q m a x ) value was (56.1798 mg/g). CCLHR was better adjusted to the Freundlich model and its maximum biosorption capacity was 76.3359 mg/g. Thus, these weed species are promising for the biosorption of methylene blue dye in effluents.

Evaluation of Methylene Blue Sorption onto Low-Cost Biosorbents: Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics

“…Dyes are used in many industries such as paper, plastics, photography, ink, and textile. While these industries use dyes to color their final products, it also results in imparting color to water and wastewater [1][2][3]. Methylene blue (MB) has found extensive use in the coloring of textiles [3,4].…”

“…is limitation has led to search for effective substitutes at a lower cost point. Among these, adsorption is a very effective and attractive technique with respect to cost, ease of use, and simplicity [1][2][3]. Several studies have reported the use of low-cost materials for dye removal [15,16].…”

Elimination of Methylene Blue by low-cost Biomaterial prepared from Local Natural Residue

“…The presence of synthetic dyesin aquatic environments is the cause of color, whichis the first impact to recognize in an effeluent because very small amounts in water are very vesible. Dyes interfere also with the penetration of sunlights and thus delay photosynthesis, ibhibit the growth of aquatic biotics and interfere with the solubility of gases in water bodies [4]. Several organic dyes are hurmful to humans, methylene blue (MB) is not considered to be extremely toxic, but it can have various hurmful effects.…”

“…It can cause short period of fast or rapid breathing, while oral ingestion produces a burning sensation and can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhea [5]. The most technique used for the removal for dyes are adsorption, precipitation, ion-exchange, membrane filtration, photocatalysis, flocculation and electrochemical treatment [4]. Among these methods, adsorption is preferred due to its simplicity, lower cost and high efficiency [6].…”

“…Among these methods, adsorption is preferred due to its simplicity, lower cost and high efficiency [6]. During the last years, many researchers have focused on the preparation of some biosorbents from natural wastes from natural waste of Paspalum notatum [3], weeds [4], potato peel [5], chicken eggshells [7], date stones [8], mango seed kernels [9], rices hulls [10], cocoa shells [11], banana peel [12], bagasse fly ash [13] and rice husk [14]. These biosorbents from agricultural waste materials being economic and eco-friendly due to their unique chemical composition, availability in abundance, renewablity, low cost and more efficiency seem to be a viable option for heavy metal remediation [9].…”