Biosorption of pentachlorophenol by Anthracophyllum discolor in the form of live fungal pellets

Fungal pelleted reactors in wastewater treatment: Applications and perspectives

“…Biosorption has also been observed as a removal mechanism for these compounds [132,133]. More than 40 white-rot fungal strains, some of them being pellet-forming organisms, were identified for their ability to reduce phenol contents (> 60%) from olive mill wastewater, mainly correlated to the secretion of lacasses and peroxidases [131].…”

Novel self‐immobilized biomass mixture based on mycelium pellets for wastewater treatment: A review

“…According to Table , most pellets were used to adsorb dyes from aqueous solutions, while the white‐rot fungi such as Trametes versicolo r were mostly used in the treatment of wastewater. Aspergillus niger Trichoderma and marine‐derived fungi Penicillium janthinellum could also produce the hyphae forming porous pellets to adsorb or degrade pollutants on the surface of the cell walls or into the cytoplasm of cells, influenced by some functional groups such as amides, alkanes, carboxylates, and carboxyl and hydroxyl groups (Bosso et al., ). In addition, enzymes such as ligninase,manganese‐dependent, peroxidases, and laccases produced by the fungi could facilitate the efficient degradation of organic pollutants by the pellets (Reddy, ; Tuor, Winterhalter, & Fiechter, ).…”

“…The following four mechanisms have been identified for the removal of pollutants in water by pellets: (a) Porous structure—The porous structure of pellets provides an increased adsorption capacity for heavy metals and other macromolecules such as dye molecules (Baldrian, ; Espinosa‐Ortiz, Rene, et al., ; Nair et al., ), (b) EPS—Fungi can produce EPS with functional groups, which offer binding sites for adsorbing other substances and pollutants, (c) Self‐growth—Since active fungi can grow and reproduce, it can reduce the cost and time to produce the biomass. Additionally, the by‐products are eco‐friendly compared to other materials (Bosso et al., ; Zhang et al., ), (d) Organic degradation capacity and self‐immobilization—Some mycelial fungi can degrade organic pollutants using the cell enzymes or extracellular polymeric substances. In terms of immobilization of enzymes, the purification is the first step.…”

Innovative and sustainable approach for phytoremediation of mine tailings: a review

“…Capacity of microorganisms to degrade pollutants depends on environmental conditions, i.e., temperature, pH, and moisture [56,57]. pH affects enzymatic activities of microorganisms following two processes: first, by changing the rate of microbial metabolism [58] and second, by changing the surface charge of the microorganism [59].…”