Biostratigraphic reappraisal of the Lower Triassic Sanga do Cabral Supersequence from South America, with a description of new material attributable to the parareptile genus Procolophon

Dias‐da‐Silva, Sérgio; Pinheiro, Felipe L.; Da-Rosa, Átila Augusto Stock; Martinelli, Agustín G.; Schultz, César Leandro; Silva-Neves, Eduardo; Modesto, Sean P.

doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2017.07.012

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Elessaurus gondwanoccidens was collected in one of the five outcrops comprising the Bica São Tomé (outcrop 5 of Da-Rosa et al [22]). An Induan-Olenekian age (251-247 Ma) [25] is inferred for this formation based on the presence of the parareptile Procolophon trigoniceps Owen, 1876, and comparisons with the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone of the South African Karoo Basin [21,22,24,26]. Elessaurus gondwanoccidens represents the most complete postcranial skeleton so far recovered from this unit, as Sanga do Cabral fossils are often fragmentary, with rare occurrences of associated elements.…”

Section: Locality and Horizonmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The depositional model of the locality from where Elessaurus gondwanoccidens was collected also supports the interpretation based on its morphology. The Sanga do Cabral Formation is characterized as a system of ephemeral, high energy river channels with wide and extensive alluvial plains, containing a rich assemblage of terrestrial and aquatic tetrapods composed of temnospondyls, procolophonoids, and archosauromorphs [21,22,53]. Considering both morphology and the environment described for the locality of Bica São Tomé, this animal would probably be terrestrial, inhabiting the vicinities of shallow waters and low-sinuosity river environments.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based upon its tetrapod content, the Sanga do Cabral Formation is regarded as Lower Triassic, being correlated to the Katberg Formation of the South African Karoo Basin (Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone) [20,21]. Although recent collection efforts substantially increased the number of archosauromorph specimens recovered from the Sanga do Cabral Formation (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new archosauromorph from South America provides insights on the early diversification of tanystropheids

et al. 2020

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After the Permo-Triassic mass extinction, the archosauromorph fossil record is comparatively abundant and ecologically diverse. Among early archosauromorphs, tanystropheids gained considerable attention due to the presence of extreme skeletal adaptations in response to sometimes overspecialized lifestyles. The origin and early radiation of Tanystropheidae, however, remains elusive. Here, a new Early Triassic archosauromorph is described and phylogenetically recovered as the sister-taxon of Tanystropheidae. The new specimen, considered a new genus and species, comprises a complete posterior limb articulated with pelvic elements. It was recovered from the Sanga do Cabral Formation (Sanga do Cabral Supersequence, Lower Triassic of the Paraná Basin, Southern Brazil), which has already yielded a typical Early Triassic vertebrate assemblage of temnospondyls, procolophonoids, and scarce archosauromorph remains. This new taxon provides insights on the early diversification of tanystropheids and represents further evidence for a premature wide geographical distribution of this clade. The morphology of the new specimen is consistent with a terrestrial lifestyle, suggesting that this condition was plesiomorphic for Tanystropheidae.

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Section: Locality and Horizonmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new archosauromorph from South America provides insights on the early diversification of tanystropheids

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“…(B) Chronostratigraphic position of the same units. Ages were taken from: Bonaparte (1966) , Haubold (1971a , 1971b) , Retallack (1996) , De Klerk (2002) , King et al (2005) , Lucas & Hunt (2006) , Melchor & de Valais (2006) , Krapovickas et al (2010) , Ogg (2012) , Krapovickas et al (2014) , Dias-da-Silva et al (2017) , Marchetti, Voigt & Klein (2017) and Francischini et al (2018) . See text for further information.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 and 2 ). These beds, composed of an association of fine- to medium-grained sandstones with trough cross-bedded stratification, predominantly eolian in origin (but with subordinate lacustrine and fluvial levels), differ from the overlying succession (named the Sanga do Cabral Formation strictu sensu ), composed of fluvial, lacustrine, deltaic and eolian mudstones and sandstones ( Lavina, 1992 ; Lavina, Faccini & Ribeiro, 1993 ), with a tetrapod body fossil record (e.g., Procolophon trigoniceps ) that indicates an Early Triassic age (Induan; Dias-da-Silva et al, 2017 ). On the other hand, the basal strata of the Pirambóia Formation in Rio Grande do Sul State contacts the top of the Rio do Rasto Formation, whose tetrapod (e.g., pareiasaurs, dinocephalians, anomodonts, among others), plant (e.g., the Glossopteris flora) and conchostracan records suggest a Guadalupian–Lopingian age ( Holz et al, 2010 ; Dias-da-Silva, 2012 ).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetrapod tracks in Permo–Triassic eolian beds of southern Brazil (Paraná Basin)

Francischini

Dentzien‐Dias

Lucas

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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Tetrapod tracks in eolianites are widespread in the fossil record since the late Paleozoic. Among these ichnofaunas, the ichnogenus Chelichnus is the most representative of the Permian tetrapod ichnological record of eolian deposits of Europe, North America and South America, where the Chelichnus Ichnofacies often occurs. In this contribution, we describe five sets of tracks (one of which is preserved in cross-section), representing the first occurrence of Dicynodontipus and Chelichnus in the “Pirambóia Formation” of southern Brazil. This unit represents a humid desert in southwestern Pangea and its lower and upper contacts lead us to consider its age as Lopingian–Induan. The five sets of tracks studied were compared with several ichnotaxa and body fossils with appendicular elements preserved, allowing us to attribute these tracks to dicynodonts and other indeterminate therapsids. Even though the “Pirambóia Formation” track record is sparse and sub-optimally preserved, it is an important key to better understand the occupation of arid environments by tetrapods across the Permo–Triassic boundary.

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Temporal fenestration in a Procolophon trigoniceps specimen (Procolophonoidea) from the Lower Triassic of Brazil

Pohlmann,

Cisneros,

Da‐Rosa

et al. 2023

The Anatomical Record

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The parareptiles diversified widely during the Permian and persisted in Pangean ecosystems until the end of the Triassic. However, most parareptiles succumbed to the Permian–Triassic extinction, leading to the exclusive survival of procolophonoids. Procolophonoidea stands out as one of the most diverse parareptile clades, with about 40 species across Pangean land masses. The Early Triassic species Procolophon trigoniceps is known from South Africa, Antarctica, and Brazil. The majority of cranial materials of this procolophonoid are described as anapsid in temporal morphology, however, some skulls discovered in South Africa were found to exhibit temporal fenestration. Once thought to have systematic significance for the genus Procolophon, temporal fenestration was lately proposed to be an anomalous or pathological feature in P. trigoniceps. In this study, we describe new cranial material of P. trigoniceps from the Sanga do Cabral Formation of Brazil that clearly displays temporal fenestration. Aside from the fenestra, the specimen closely resembles more complete Brazilian P. trigoniceps skulls. The recurrent presence of the feature and the varying morphologies exhibited by the temporal fenestrae of P. trigoniceps may substantiate its characterization as an anomalous trait within the species. Furthermore, the occurrence of temporal fenestration in P. trigoniceps specimens from both South America and South Africa underscores parallels between these two Early Triassic ecosystems.

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Biostratigraphic reappraisal of the Lower Triassic Sanga do Cabral Supersequence from South America, with a description of new material attributable to the parareptile genus Procolophon

Cited by 30 publications

References 69 publications

A new archosauromorph from South America provides insights on the early diversification of tanystropheids

A new archosauromorph from South America provides insights on the early diversification of tanystropheids

Tetrapod tracks in Permo–Triassic eolian beds of southern Brazil (Paraná Basin)

Temporal fenestration in a Procolophon trigoniceps specimen (Procolophonoidea) from the Lower Triassic of Brazil

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