Biosurfactant Production by Marine Actinomycetes Isolates Streptomyces Althioticus RG3 and Streptomyces Californicus RG8 as a Promising Source of Antimicrobial and Antifouling Effects

Abstract

Background: Because of the ability of their bioactive metabolites production, many researchers were attracted to investigate and isolating marine actinomycetes from unique location with a unique environment. Information on antimicrobial activity and antifouling agents by Streptomyces sp. from the Ras Garib area, Gulf of Suez, Egypt is limited. One of the metabolites produced by the actinomycetes was biosurfactant. This paper describes the possibility of marine actinomycetes isolates for the production of biosurfactants, In addition to the possibility of using it as antimicrobial and antifouling agents.Results: Marine actinobacterial isolates RG3 and RG8 had emulsification indexes of 76 and 68%, respectively. The two marine actinobacterial isolates were identified using 16srDNA as Streptomyces althioticus RG3 and Streptomyces californicus RG8, and submitted in the database of genetic information with accession number MW661230 and MW661234, respectively. Biosurfactants were stable at 10% NaCl, in case of Streptomyces althioticus RG3 and stable at 10%–15% NaCl in the case of Streptomyces californicus RG8. A temperature of 35℃ was suitable for the stability of biosurfactants produced by both strains. Both strains produced the most biosurfactant when exposed to alkaline conditions. We characterized the biosurfactants produced by both strains including features such as the chemical composition of the biosurfactants and FTIR analysis. The antimicrobial activity of biosurfactants extract evaluated using a well diffusion method against Vibrio alginolyticus MK170250, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 4027, and Staphylococcus aureus ATTC 25923. Streptomyces althioticus RG3 biosurfactants have been shown to have better antimicrobial activity than Streptomyces californicus RG8, indicating that they may be used in pharmaceutical industries and in the manufacture of antifouling products.Conclusions: Streptomyces althioticus RG3 and Streptomyces californicus RG8, isolated from Ras Garib, Gulf of Suez, Egypt, were able to develop very stable biosurfactants under stress conditions, which could be useful in a variety of industries such as pharmaceuticals and antifouling manufacturing.

Extraction, purification and applications of biosurfactants based on microbial-derived glycolipids and lipopeptides: a review

“…Surfactants are chemically synthetic compounds that reduce surface tension have commercial applications but not abide by the rules of green chemistry and are pernicious to the environment (Luft et al 2020;Al-agamy et al 2021). Chemical surfactants' environmental impacts have gained much attention owing to their toxicity and inability to degrade, so environmentally friendly and biodegradable surfactants have been in high demand (Reis et al 2013;Varjani and Upasani 2017).…”

“…They are a fascinating class of secondary metabolites with tensioactive properties that make them beneficial in various industries of biotechnological sectors (Marcelino et al 2019). There have been myriad articles on biosurfactants derived from microbes of different genera (Hajfarajollah et al 2018;Perfumo et al 2018;Fenibo et al 2019;Kubicki et al 2019;Luft et al 2020;Al-agamy et al 2021). Despite being analogous to the synthetic surfactants, in their properties, they are eco-friendly with lower toxicity, stability at higher temperature and extreme pH, biodegradability, and tailor-made to comply with explicit stipulation (Gudiña et al 2016b;Jahan et al 2020;Markande et al 2021).…”