Biosurfactants as Biocontrol Agents Against Mycotoxigenic Fungi

Bacillus mexicanus sp. nov., a biological control bacterium isolated from the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) crop in Sinaloa, Mexico

“…As previously stated, strain FSQ1 T presents biological control against S. sclerotiorum; thus, an in silico analysis for searching secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters related to biological control was run through the antiSMASH v 7.0.0 beta server. The genome of strain FSQ1 T showed the presence of three of these biosynthetic gene clusters related to biological control (Table 3), such as: 1) rhizocticin A (100 %), a natural phosphonate antibiotic, where its antifungal properties are attributed to the release of APPA [(Z)-L-2-amino-5-phosphonic-3-pentanoic acid], which inhibits the growth of fungi and affects protein synthesis that intervenes in the threonine biosynthesis and related metabolic pathways; 2) bacillibactin (100 %) a siderophore that mediates the environment eliminating iron, making it inhabitable for many pathogens [52]; and 3) surfactin (90 %, found distributed among three contig regions of 39, 8 and 43 %), which is a cyclic lipopeptide and presents antifungal, antitumor and insecticidal abilities through cell lysis [53]. B. tequilensis KCTC 13622 T and B. cabrialesii TE3 T showed the same gene clusters found in strain FSQ1 T (rhizocticin A, bacillibactin and surfactin).…”

Complete genome sequencing of Bacillus cabrialesii TE3T: A plant growth-promoting and biological control agent isolated from wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) in the Yaqui Valley

“…Additionally, the complete genome of Bacillus cabrialesii TE3 T was analyzed using antiSMASH version 7.0 under default parameters ( Blin et al., 2021 ), to identify biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) related to biocontrol activity (supplementary Table 2). This resulted in the identification of seven putative BGCs: i) Fengycin (100%), a cyclic lipopeptide, with broad antibacterial activity and antagonistic activity against filamentous fungi, low hemolysis, and safe degradation, with a vast potential in agriculture ( Villa-Rodríguez et al., 2021 ; Lu et al., 2022 ); ii) Bacilysin (100%), a dipeptide antibiotic compound and a signaling molecule either directly or indirectly affecting various cellular functions, as including spore quality and has a wide range of antagonistic activity against fungi and bacteria ( Islam et al., 2022 ); iii) Subtilosin A (100%), a ribosomally produced bacteriocin with antimicrobial bioactivity ( Venkatasamy et al., 2021 ); iv) Bacillibactin (100%), an archetypal triscatetolate siderophore known for its high affinity for iron (Fe 3+ ) compared to other siderophores, playing a key role in iron chelation and overall plant immunity towards various pathogens ( Lalitha and Nithyapriya, 2021 ); v) Bacillaene (100%), a polypeptide with antimicrobial and inhibition effects on biofilm formation ( Erega et al., 2021 ); vi) Surfactin (86%), a cyclic lipopeptide and one of the most effective biosurfactants due to a large number of biological activities, like antifungal, antitumor, and insecticidal ( Rodrigues et al., 2021 ); and vii) Rizocticin A (93%), an antibiotic that penetrates the fungal cell through the oligopeptide transport system, inhibiting protein synthesis ( Sidorova et al., 2018 ) ( Fig. 2 and Fig.…”