Biosynthesis and chemical modification of poly(?-glutamic acid)

Borbély, Mária; Nagasaki, Yukio; Borbély, János; Fan, Kesuo; Bhogle, Amrut; Sevoian, Martin

doi:10.1007/bf00306378

Cited by 52 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The mild reaction conditions offer some advantages over other methods for the covalent modification of poly-␥-D-glutamic acid, 3,4 because the method is compatible with complex watersoluble functional groups. However, it is apparent that a high degree of polypeptide backbone cleavage occurs during modification, resulting in a drop in molecular mass from 170 to 10 kDa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 The polymer is freely soluble in water and, by virtue of its ␣-carboxylate side chains, is able to bind a wide range of metal ions with high affinity. 2 It has been shown previously that the ␣-carboxylate sidechains of bacterial poly-␥-D-glutamic acid can be chemically modified by esterification, 3 or by alkylation in organic solvents. 4 We wished to investigate whether the side chains could be covalently modified with amines in the presence of a water-soluble carbodi-imide in aqueous solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Covalent modification in aqueous solution of poly-?-D-glutamic acid fromBacillus licheniformis

King

Watkins

Blacker

et al. 1998

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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Methods for the covalent modification in aqueous solution of poly‐γ‐D‐glutamic acid from Bacillus licheniformis have been studied. Co‐derivatization of a synthetic UV‐absorbent amine and ethanolamine, using a water‐soluble carbodi‐imide coupling agent, yielded a water‐soluble modified polymer. Derivatization of the polymer was accompanied by cleavage of the γ‐linked polypeptide backbone, and a reduction in molecular mass from 170 to 10 kDa. A procedure was developed for the removal of noncovalently bound ligands by treatment with 5 M CaCl2. The polymer sidechains also reacted in aqueous solution with p‐nitrophenyl acetate to form covalent linkages. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 36: 1995–1999, 1998

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covalent modification in aqueous solution of poly-?-D-glutamic acid fromBacillus licheniformis

King

Watkins

Blacker

et al. 1998

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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“…Employing B. subtilis strain F-02-1, PGA is at present biotechnologically produced by the Japanese company Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd. Great efforts have been made to synthesize derivatives of PGA chemically. Chemical esterifications with methyl, ethyl and benzyl groups at the α-carboxylic groups resulted in derivatives of PGA with increased solubility and processible enough to prepare films (Kubota et al 1993b;Borbély et al 1994;Kishida et al 1998;Muñoz-Guerra et al 1998). By the use of crosslinking reagents [e.g.…”

Section: Commercial Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, functions and biosynthesis of polyamides in microorganisms and biotechnological production

Oppermann‐Sanio

Steinbüchel

2002

Naturwissenschaften

189

118

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Microorganisms are able to synthesize three different polyamides by enzymatic processes independently from ribosomal protein biosynthesis: poly(γ-Dglutamic acid), poly(ε-L-lysine) and multi-L-arginylpoly(L-aspartic acid) which is also referred to as cyanophycin. These polyamides, which occur mainly in Bacillus spp. (and only a few other eubacteria and the nematocysts of Cnidaria, in Streptomyces albulus or in cyanobacteria, respectively), have recently attracted considerable interest of the chemical industry and may be suitable for various applications. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the occurrence, biosynthesis, physiological functions, and biodegradation as well as on the properties and putative applications of these polyamides. Emphasis is placed on the enzymology of the polymerization and on the genes encoding the polymerizing enzymes, which have only recently become available for cyanophycin synthetases. Prospects for novel production processes, in particular for cyanophycin, are also presented.

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“…Although pioneering research on this biopolymer (Scheme 1) was performed in the early 1950's, a substantial amount of effort has been devoted within the last few years to optimizing its biosynthesis from either B. licheniformis (Birrer et al, 1994;Borbély et al, 1994) or B. subtilis (Goto and Kunioka, 1992;Kubota et al, 1993). A longstanding problem, of both fundamental and practical importance, in the study of PGGA produced by bacteria is concerned with the stereochemistry of the polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%