Biosynthesis and cytoplasmic distribution of small poly(A)-containing B2 RNA

Крамеров, Д. А.; Тиллиб, С. В.; Lekakh, I. V.; Ryskov, A. P.; Georgiev, G.P.

doi:10.1016/0167-4781(85)90084-3

Cited by 46 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The same observation was made in brain sections derived from five individual animals. This result confirms the differential expression of clone 17a in 4VO rats discovered by RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis and is consistent with the fact that B 2 poly(A) RNAs are mainly distributed in the cytoplasm (26).…”

Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Although these transcripts contained ORFs, the translated product was not detected. B 2 poly(A) RNAs are believed to be the final functional products involved in regulation of mRNA processing, transport, stability, and translation (26,40,41). In situ hybridization demonstrates that these transcripts were predominantly located in the neurons within the hippocampal CA1 region, indicating that B 2 sequences may be closely related to the distinct effect of 4VO on pyramidal neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rat B2 Sequences Are Induced in the Hippocampal CA1 Region After Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia

Liu¹,

Clemens

Yin

et al. 1999

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Global brain ischemia causes cell death in the CA1region of the hippocampus 3-5 days after reperfusion. The biological pathway leading to such delayed neuronal damage has not been established. By using differential display analysis, we examined expression levels of poly(A) RNAs isolated from hippocampal extracts prepared from rats exposed to global ischemia and found an up-regulated transcript, clone 17a. Northern blot analysis of clone 17a showed an approximately 35-fold increase in the ischemic brain at 24 h after four-vessel occlusion. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends of clone 17a revealed a family of genes (160 -540 base pairs) that had the characteristics of rodent B 2 sequences. In situ hybridization demonstrated that the elevated expression of this gene was localized predominantly in the CA1 pyramidal neurons. The level of expression in the CA1 region decreased dramatically between 24 and 72 h after ischemia. The elevated expression of clone 17a was not observed in four-vessel occlusion rats treated with the compound LY231617, an antioxidant known to exert neuroprotection in rats subjected to global ischemia. Since delayed neuronal death has the characteristics of apoptosis, we speculate that clone 17a may be involved in apoptosis. We examined the expression level of clone 17a in in vitro models of apoptosis using cerebellar granule neurons that were subjected to potassium removal, glutamate toxicity, or 6-hydroxydopamine treatment and found that clone 17a transcripts were induced in cerebellar granule neurons by glutamate or 6-hydroxydopamine stimulation but not potassium withdrawal.A short period of global cerebral ischemia in rodents causes neurons in the striatum, hippocampus, and lateral thalamus to die (1). Intriguingly, pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus undergo delayed neuronal death 3-5 days after the insult (1, 2). A similar phenomenon occurs in human cerebral ischemia (3). This time lag provides a window of opportunity for therapeutic interventions after ischemic injury. However, the molecular mechanisms that trigger and lead to delayed neuronal death have not been well established, although many hypotheses have been proposed such as excitotoxicity of glutamate, disturbed calcium homeostasis, altered lipid metabolism, free radicals, and mitochondrial involvement (for reviews, see Refs. 4 and 5). There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that apoptotic events occur in both global and focal brain ischemia (6 -8). It is possible that many of these hypotheses may in fact represent different aspects of a common mechanism. One of the approaches that can be used to further our understanding of the molecular mechanism of delayed neuronal death is to establish the gene expression profile of the process. Differential expression of many genes has been observed in ischemic brains, including some immediate early genes, heat shock proteins, and factors controlling apoptosis such as Bcl2, Bcl-x, Bax, and caspases (for reviews, see Refs. 9 and 10).Differential display (DD) 1 is a techn...

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Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rat B2 Sequences Are Induced in the Hippocampal CA1 Region After Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia

Liu¹,

Clemens

Yin

et al. 1999

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…In vitro (Haynes and Jelinek 1981;Sakamoto et al 1984;Singh et al 1985;Carey et al 1986) and in vivo (Kramerov et al 1985a;Kramerov et al 1990) experiments demonstrated the generation of a small RNA in process of transcription B2 SINE by pol III. Additionally, we (Kramerov et al 1990) and other investigators (Kravchenko et al 2005) had previously shown that the treatment of cells with a-amanitin at a concentration of 20 mg/mL inhibits pol II (but not other RNA polymerases).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcripts synthesized by RNA polymerase III can be polyadenylated in an AAUAAA-dependent manner

Borodulina¹,

Крамеров²

2008

RNA

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It is well known that nearly all eukaryotic mRNAs contain a 39 poly(A) tail. A polyadenylation signal (AAUAAA) nearby the 39 end of pre-mRNA is required for poly(A) synthesis. The protein complex involved in the pre-mRNA polyadenylation is coupled with RNA polymerase II during the transcription of a gene. According to the commonly accepted view, only RNAs synthesized by RNA polymerase II can be polyadenylated in an AAUAAA-dependent manner. Here we report the polyadenylation of short interspersed elements (SINEs) B2 and VES transcripts generated by RNA polymerase III. HeLa cells were transfected with SINE constructs with or without polyadenylation signals. The analyses of the SINE transcripts showed that only the RNAs with the AAUAAA-signal contained poly(A) tails. Polyadenylated B2 RNA was found to be much more stable in cells than B2 RNA without a poly(A) tail.

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“…The 49C8 sequence commences at nucleotide 38 of the B2 consensus, indicating that this clone is incomplete. Two groups have obtained evidence that the short, dispersed-size class of cytoplasmic B2 transcripts are the products of RNA polymerase III (18,38). Singh et al (38) also showed that these transcripts possess similar 5' termini but differ at their 3' ends, presumably due to the use of different termination signals or degradation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional regulation of two serum-induced RNAs in mouse fibroblasts: equivalence of one species to B2 repetitive elements.

Edwards¹,

Parfett²,

Denhardt³

1985

Mol. Cell. Biol.

126

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We obtained eight cDNA clones that define five genes whose expression (appearance of transcripts in the cytoplasm) is enhanced when quiescent mouse fibroblasts are stimulated with serum to divide. Two of these clones (designated 49C8 and 16C8) correspond to RNA species that are present in the cytoplasm of quiescent cells at very low levels. After serum stimulation, the level of 16C8 mRNA rose more rapidly than that of 49C8 RNA, reaching a maximum around 6 to 12 h. The data suggest that 49C8 and 16C8 RNAs are induced as a result of independent stimnuli. Either fibroblast growth factor or 12-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate alone could induce 16C8 expression almost as effectively as serum; in contrast, 49C8 was not efficiently induced by epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, insulin, or 12-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Inhibitors of transcription and translation diminished the induction of 16C8, while 49C8 expression was sensitive to actinomycin D but not cycloheximide or 5,6-dichloro"1-j--D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole. In vitro transcription experiments with isolated nuclei revealed a peak in transcriptional activity of the 16C8 gene at around 3 h after serum stimulation. Sequence analysis of the 49C8 clDNA clone showed >90% homology of a large portion to a consensus rodent B2 repetitive elemnent.

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Biosynthesis and cytoplasmic distribution of small poly(A)-containing B2 RNA

Cited by 46 publications

References 48 publications

Rat B2 Sequences Are Induced in the Hippocampal CA1 Region After Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia

Rat B2 Sequences Are Induced in the Hippocampal CA1 Region After Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia

Transcripts synthesized by RNA polymerase III can be polyadenylated in an AAUAAA-dependent manner

Transcriptional regulation of two serum-induced RNAs in mouse fibroblasts: equivalence of one species to B2 repetitive elements.

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