Biosynthesis and metabolism of β-d-salicin: A novel molecule that exerts biological function in humans and plants

Mahdi, Jassem G.

doi:10.1016/j.btre.2014.08.005

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The larger concentration of mannose is compatible with high levels of galactose ( Herold & Lewis, 1977 ). All treatments showed larger levels of salicin or 2-(hydroxymethyl) phenyl- O - β- d -glucopyranoside, one phenolic glycoside precursor of salicylic acid that have important roles in the ecological survival of plants against biotic and abiotic stress ( Mahdi, 2014 ). Finally, higher levels of hexosamines were found, a precursor of the synthesis of several lipids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in metabolic profiling of sugarcane leaves induced by endophytic diazotrophic bacteria and humic acids

Aguiar

Olivares

Novotny

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and humic acids (HA) have been used as biostimulants in field conditions. The complete genomic and proteomic transcription of Herbaspirillum seropedicae and Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is available but interpreting and utilizing this information in the field to increase crop performance is challenging. The identification and characterization of metabolites that are induced by genomic changes may be used to improve plant responses to inoculation. The objective of this study was to describe changes in sugarcane metabolic profile that occur when HA and PGPB are used as biostimulants. Inoculum was applied to soil containing 45-day old sugarcane stalks. One week after inoculation, the methanolic extracts from leaves were obtained and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry; a total of 1,880 compounds were observed and 280 were identified in all samples. The application of HA significantly decreased the concentration of 15 metabolites, which generally included amino acids. HA increased the levels of 40 compounds, and these included metabolites linked to the stress response (shikimic, caffeic, hydroxycinnamic acids, putrescine, behenic acid, quinoline xylulose, galactose, lactose proline, oxyproline and valeric acid) and cellular growth (adenine and adenosine derivatives, ribose, ribonic acid and citric acid). Similarly, PGPB enhanced the level of metabolites identified in HA-treated soils; e.g., 48 metabolites were elevated and included amino acids, nucleic acids, organic acids, and lipids. Co-inoculation (HA+PGPB) boosted the level of 110 metabolites with respect to non-inoculated controls; these included amino acids, lipids and nitrogenous compounds. Changes in the metabolic profile induced by HA+PGPB influenced both glucose and pentose pathways and resulted in the accumulation of heptuloses and riboses, which are substrates in the nucleoside biosynthesis and shikimic acid pathways. The mevalonate pathway was also activated, thus increasing phytosterol synthesis. The improvement in cellular metabolism observed with PGPB+HA was compatible with high levels of vitamins. Glucuronate and amino sugars were stimulated in addition to the products and intermediary compounds of tricarboxylic acid metabolism. Lipids and amino acids were the main compounds induced by co-inoculation in addition to antioxidants, stress-related metabolites, and compounds involved in cellular redox. The primary compounds observed in each treatment were identified, and the effect of co-inoculation (HA+PGPB) on metabolite levels was discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in metabolic profiling of sugarcane leaves induced by endophytic diazotrophic bacteria and humic acids

Aguiar

Olivares

Novotny

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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“…Other of the major compounds of C. ficifolia extract, salicin, also could contribute to the liver-protective effect due its reported neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity. In fact, its hydroxyl groups can interact with ciclooxygenase-2, causing the inhibition of this enzyme and subsequently deregulating inflammation (Passonneau and Lauderdale, 1974;Mahdi, 2014). In addition, two phytosterols, i.e., stigmast-7,22-dien-3-ol and stigmast-7-en-3-ol, were found in the aqueous C. ficifolia extract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characterization of a Hypoglycemic Extract From Cucurbita Ficifolia Bouche That Induces Liver Glycogen Accumulation in Diabetic Mice.

Jessica¹,

Mario²,

Zamilpa³

et al. 2017

Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med

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Background: The aqueous extract of Cucurbita ficifolia (C. ficifolia) fruit has demonstrated hypoglycemic effect, which may be attributed to some components in the extract. However, the major secondary metabolites in this fruit have not yet been identified and little is known about its extra-pancreatic action, in particular, on liver carbohydrate metabolism. Therefore, in addition to the isolation and structural elucidation of the principal components in the aqueous extract of C. ficifolia, the aim of this study was to determine whether or not the hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous extract of Cucurbita ficifolia (C. ficifolia) fruit is due to accumulation of liver glycogen in diabetic mice. Materials and Methods:The aqueous extract from fruit of C. ficifolia was fractionated and its main secondary metabolites were purified and chemically characterized (NMR and GC-MS). Alloxan-induced diabetic mice received daily by gavage the aqueous extract (30 days). The liver glycogen content was quantified by spectroscopic method and by PAS stain; ALT and AST by spectrometric method; glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase and GLUT2 by Western blot; the mRNA expression of GLUT2 and glucagon-receptor by RT-PCR; while serum insulin was quantified by ELISA method. A liver histological analysis was also performed by H&E stain. Results: Chemical fingerprint showed five majoritarian compounds in the aqueous extract of C. ficifolia: p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicin, stigmast-7,2,2-dien-3-ol and stigmast-7-en-3-ol. The histological analysis showed accumulation of liver glycogen. Also, increased glycogen synthase and decreased glycogen phosphorylase were observed. Interestingly, the histological architecture evidenced a liver-protective effect due the extract. Conclusion: Five compounds were identified in C. ficifolia aqueous extract. The hypoglycemic effect of this extract may be partially explained by liver glycogen accumulation. The bioactive compound responsible for the hypoglycemic effect of this extract will be elucidated in subsequent studies.

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“…The main possible plant-derived compound in the tincture includes a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory pro-drug (salicin) from willow tree ( S. alba ) bark ( Mahdi, 2014 ), which is metabolized into salicylic acid in the body and has a similar anti-inflammatory mechanism to the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) acetylsalicylic acid and sodium salicylate ( Vane and Botting, 1998 ). Given the small quantity of tincture administered, it is unlikely that salicin had any pain-reduction effect on calves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an herbal therapy to alleviate acute pain and stress of disbudded dairy calves under organic management1

Phillips

Heins

2021

Translational Animal Science

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The objective of this experiment was to evaluate an herbal therapy used in place of standard synthetic analgesia to mitigate disbudding pain of dairy calves. For this experiment, fifty-four calves were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: 1) local anesthetic lidocaine given as a cornual nerve block before cautery disbudding (AD); 2) sham disbudding (SD); or 3) herbal tincture (Dull It, Dr. Paul’s Lab, Mazomanie, WI) composed of white willow (Salix alba L.) bark, St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.), arnica (Arnica montana L.), and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) administered orally before and after cautery disbudding (TD). Behaviors were assessed during disbudding, and behaviors and blood plasma cortisol concentrations were assessed following disbudding. Tail wag, head movement, forcing ahead, and kick rates recorded during disbudding were similar among treatments. When averaged across the 360-min observation period following disbudding, injury-directed behavioral rates of head jerks, head shakes, horn bud scratches, and head rubs were greater (P ≤ 0.03) for calves in the AD group than calves in the SD group, calves in the TD group had greater (P < 0.01) horn bud scratch and head rub rates compared to calves in the SD group, and calves in the AD group had a greater (P < 0.01) horn bud scratch rate than calves in the TD group. Calves in the AD group took 1.6 (95% CI = 1.0 to 2.4, P = 0.03) times longer to lie down after disbudding compared to calves in the TD group. Serum cortisol concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.01) for calves in the TD group compared to calves in the SD group at 10, 30, and 90 min after disbudding. At 30 min after disbudding, calves in the AD group had 5.8 ng mL −1 (95% CI = −1.1 to 12.7 ng mL −1, P = 0.02) greater serum cortisol compared to calves in the SD group; while calves in the TD group had 14.3 ng mL −1 (95% CI = 1.5 to 27.1 ng mL −1, P < 0.01) greater serum cortisol than calves in the AD group. In conclusion, neither the local anesthetic lidocaine nor the orally administered herbal tincture attenuated both acute injury-directed behaviors and blood plasma cortisol concentrations in disbudded calves, and the tincture was clearly less effective at mitigating cortisol; therefore, additional analgesic may be required to properly manage disbudding pain effectively.

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Biosynthesis and metabolism of β-d-salicin: A novel molecule that exerts biological function in humans and plants

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Changes in metabolic profiling of sugarcane leaves induced by endophytic diazotrophic bacteria and humic acids

Changes in metabolic profiling of sugarcane leaves induced by endophytic diazotrophic bacteria and humic acids

Chemical Characterization of a Hypoglycemic Extract From Cucurbita Ficifolia Bouche That Induces Liver Glycogen Accumulation in Diabetic Mice.

Evaluation of an herbal therapy to alleviate acute pain and stress of disbudded dairy calves under organic management1

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