Biosynthesis and regulation of carotenoids in Dunaliella: Progresses and prospects

Ye, Zhi‐Wei; Jiang, Jianguo; Wu, Guangxin

doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.03.004

Cited by 199 publications

(119 citation statements)

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“…Dunaliella salina is a well-known natural source for β-carotene (Johnson and Schroeder, 1995;Pulz and Gross, 2004;Ye et al, 2008), and the alga produces this pigment as a response to the extreme stress conditions that occur during summer (Del Campo, 2007). Light stress is the major promoter and high temperature is one of the conditions that triggers carotenoid biosynthesis in photosynthetic organisms, and it is also stated to be effective on carotenoid production, mainly for lutein and β-carotene synthesis in Dunaliella sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Converted carotenoid production in Dunaliella salina by using cyclization inhibitors 2-methylimidazole and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole

Yıldırım¹,

Akgün²,

Dalay³

2017

Turk J Biol

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IntroductionCarotenoids are the group of accessory pigments helping photosynthesis by absorbing light energy from sunlight at certain wavelengths. Their colorful feature and antioxidant properties make them commercially attractive for the biotechnology industry. As photosynthetic organisms, microalgae are a valuable natural source for carotenoid production. One of the well-known species of green microalgae is Dunaliella salina, showing the ability to produce high amounts of natural β-carotene in its unicell in stress conditions like high salt, high temperature, or nitrogen starvation. The carotenoid pathway leading to β-carotene production starts from the colorless carotenoid, phytoene, and continues with the production of linear lycopene molecule, which is a substrate for the enzymes lycopene beta-(LCY-b) and lycopene epsilon cyclases (LCY-e). LCY-b is responsible for the addition of beta cyclic groups to the two ends of lycopene, forming β-carotene. On the other hand, the actions of both LCY-e and LCY-b add one epsilon and one beta ring to the ends of lycopene, resulting in alpha-carotene, and hydrolysis of this molecule leads to lutein production (Figure 1).Most of the pigments in the carotenoid pathway including xanthophylls have an industrial value, with β-carotene, astaxanthin, and lutein having the biggest share in the market. Therefore, evaluating natural producer organisms as a source of different pigments is an attractive field of study.Molecules such as imidazoles, pyridines, and nicotine have been shown to inhibit cyclization of the lycopene molecule, therefore; they have been used to regulate carotenoid biosynthesis in different organisms. As a cyclization inhibitor, nicotine was studied to produce lycopene in both Dunaliella bardawil (Shaish et al., 1990) and Dunaliella salina (Fazeli et al., 2009); however, only trace amounts of the final product were observed. Successful inhibition with nicotine was achieved in another unicellular green alga, Chlorella regularis, only under heterotrophic culture conditions (Ishikawa and Abe, 2004). However, in all cases nicotine severely affected the cell growth in high concentrations due to its toxicity. Recently, another lycopene cyclase inhibitor, triethylamine, was evaluated for lycopene accumulation in D. bardawil (Liang et al., 2016). Although it was recorded at 0.5 pg/cell level for this alga, cell growth was negatively affected by the treatment even at the lowest concentrations (10 ppm). Feofilova et al. (2006) used a nontoxic azine 2-amino-6methylpyridine (MAP) to block cyclization of lycopene Abstract: Carotenoids are vital for most photosynthetic organisms because of their crucial role in prevention of the damage caused by excess light or stress conditions like heat or nutrient deprivation. Some of them are also valuable for biotechnology wıth respect to their colorful feature and antioxidant properties. In this study, a natural β-carotene producer, green microalga Dunaliella salina, was evaluated for its potential to produce different valuable caroten...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Converted carotenoid production in Dunaliella salina by using cyclization inhibitors 2-methylimidazole and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole

Yıldırım¹,

Akgün²,

Dalay³

2017

Turk J Biol

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“…As is known, the halotolerant marine microalga Dunaliella, especially D. salina and D. bardawil, accumulates massive b-carotene under stress conditions (Raja et al 2007;Ye et al 2008). Molecular identification of the carotenogenesis in Dunaliella would effectively promote the production of b-carotene and other carotenoids by biological methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For nearly a decade, research into the massive b-carotene accumulation of Dunaliella focused on the DNA sequence of carotenogenic enzymes Zhu et al 2005Zhu et al , 2008. The activation mechanism and expression patterns of related genes for b-carotene accumulation under adverse conditions were previously unknown (Ye et al 2008). To fully understand carotenogenesis in Dunaliella, future investigation should focus on the carotenoid isomerases and the regulatory mechanism of carotenogenic enzymes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some marine-derived species of genus Dunaliella, such as Dunaliella salina and Dunaliella bardawil, are capable of accumulating large amounts of orange-red pigment bcarotene, 10% or more of the total dry organic matter in weight (Ye et al 2008). During the carotenogenic pathway, four dehydrogenation reactions by carotene desaturases are responsible for the generation of lycopene after the formation of phytoene.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Structural and phylogenetic analysis of a novel ζ‐carotene desaturase from Dunaliella bardawil, a unicellular alga that accumulates large amounts of β‐carotene

Liu

Jiang

2010

Limnology & Oceanography

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Due to the high demand for carotenoids in the global market, more and more attention is being paid to the molecular elucidation of carotenogenesis in Dunaliella for the massive production of b-carotene. The complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) of a novel carotenogenic enzyme, f-carotene desaturase (Zds), was isolated from Dunaliella bardawil using polymerase chain reaction. The full-length cDNA was 2209 base pairs (bp) long, containing an 1749-bp putative open reading frame that encoded a deduced protein sequence of 582 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 64.429 kDa. The D. bardawil Zds was a nonsecretory protein that may be located in the chloroplast. The D. bardawil Zds had a closer relationship with chlorophyte and higher plants Zdses than with those of other species in the phylogenetic analysis. The three-dimensional structure of the D. bardawil Zds is predicted.

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“…Dunaliella salina, is a photosynthetic unicellular green microalga that lacks a rigid wall (Borowitzka, 2013). Among different species of microorganisms, D. salina has the most potential for production of β-carotene which can accumulate β-carotene up to about 13.8% of its total dry cell weight (Ye et al, 2008). The global market of natural pigments has a high demand for carotenoids because of its wide use in coloring agents, medicine, cosmetics and food industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of menthone and piperitone on growth, chlorophyll a and beta-carotene production in Dunaliella salina

Zarei¹,

Mobasher²,

Morowvat³

et al. 2016

J App Pharm Sci

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Recently, studying essential oils and secondary metabolites of plants and microalgae have received much attention. The biosynthesis of the secondary metabolites is strongly influenced by different environmental factors. Monoterpenes as a main fraction of essential oils of fruits and vegetables have many clinical applications. They could inhibit the carcinogenesis processes and therefore might be effective in treatment of cancers. Dunaliella salina, a photosynthetic green microalga is known as a rich source for β-carotene production. In this study, the effects of some monoterpenes including menthone and piperitone was investigated on yield of production of β-carotene were studied. Menthone and piperitone as parameters of stress can make tensions to the medium of D. salina increasing its β-carotene and chlorophyll a content in every single cell but on the other hand these two monoterpenes cause a decrease in the concentration of β-carotene and chlorophyll a.

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Biosynthesis and regulation of carotenoids in Dunaliella: Progresses and prospects

Cited by 199 publications

References 82 publications

Converted carotenoid production in Dunaliella salina by using cyclization inhibitors 2-methylimidazole and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole

Converted carotenoid production in Dunaliella salina by using cyclization inhibitors 2-methylimidazole and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole

Structural and phylogenetic analysis of a novel ζ‐carotene desaturase from Dunaliella bardawil, a unicellular alga that accumulates large amounts of β‐carotene

Effects of menthone and piperitone on growth, chlorophyll a and beta-carotene production in Dunaliella salina

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