Biosynthesis And The Possibility Of Using Ectoine And Hydroxyectoine In Health Care

Abstract

The global production of L-amino acids is largely based on microbiological synthesis. The largest bioproduction concerns L-glutamic acid (1.5 million tons per year), and L-lysine (850,000 tons per year). Among other amino acids, ectoine and hydroxyectoine are mentioned in the growing demand. Currently, the main producer of ectoine based on the biotechnology process is the German company Bitop. The organism used in the ectoine production is Halomonas elongata isolated from a solar salt facility on Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles. The production of ectoine described in the literature is based on the so-called "milking" process. The great demand for amino acids is related to their properties and potential use. Ectoine, as a kosmotropic substance, has the property of stabilizing the structure of water molecules. Just like other osmolytes in aqueous solutions, ectoine increases the hydration of macromolecules, preventing them from denaturation. The industrial use of ectoine is based mainly on the ability to protect the skin and alleviate its inflammation but also applies to other, broad possibilities of its application in biotechnology, cosmetology, medicine and pharmacy.

Ectoine and Hydroxyectoine from Halophilic Bacteria Isolated from Traditional Solar Saltern at Pejarakan Village, Buleleng Regency, Bali

“…The increased production and diversification of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products have led to increasing demand for ectoine with a global consumption rate of 15,000 tons per year (Goraj et al 2019). Up to the present, the world's ectoine supply is dominated by Bitop AG, one of the largest ectoine companies in Germany.…”

Comparison of different approaches to derive classical bonded force-field parameters for a transition metal cofactor: a case study for non-heme iron site of ectoine synthase

“…The cupin-type protein EctC is one of four enzymes that are involved in the ectoine biosynthesis pathway, which is found mostly in bacterial but also archaeal species [2,10] . Ectoine is a small molecule osmolyte and cell-protective agent preventing macromolecules from dehydration during osmotic stress [1,11] . It is formed from N-γ-acetyl-L-2,4diaminobutyric acid (N-γ-ADABA) by cyclo-condensation and water elimination catalyzed by EctC (Fig.…”