Biosynthesis, characterization and anti-dengue vector activity of silver nanoparticles prepared from Azadirachta indica and Citrullus colocynthis

Abstract

We report here biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous extracts of (i) Azadirachta indica leaves and (ii) Citrullus colocynthis fruit and their larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. The UV–Vis spectroscopy absorption peaks occurred in the range of 412–416 nm for A. indica AgNPs and 416–431 nm for C. colocynthis AgNPs indicating the silver nature of prepared colloidal samples. The scanning electron microscopy examination revealed the spherical morphology of both types of NPs with average size of 17 ± 4 nm ( A. indica AgNPs) and 26 ± 5 nm ( C. colocynthis AgNPs). The X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the face-centred cubic (FCC) structure with crystallite size of 11 ± 1 nm ( A. indica AgNPs) and 15 ± 1 nm ( C. colocynthis AgNPs) while characteristic peaks appearing in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated the attachment of different biomolecules on AgNPs. The larvicidal activity at different concentrations of synthesized AgNPs (1–20 mg l −1 ) and extracts (0.5–1.5%) against Aedes aegypti was examined for 24 h. A concentration-dependent larvicidal potential of both types of AgNPs was observed. The LC 50 values were found to be 0.3 and 1.25 mg l −1 for C. colocynthis AgNPs and A. indica AgNPs, respectively. However, both extracts did not exhibit any notable larvicidal activity.

Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Ventilago maderaspatana Leaf Extract on Streptozotocin-Induced Albino Rats

“…The average crystallite of AgNPs is ~25 nm. 37,38 The DLS result revealed that the particles obtained were aggregated mixtures of sizes ranging from 10 to 50 nm, as shown in Figure 3. Twenty nanometer (20 nm) is the average particle diameter.…”

The Antimicrobial Potential of the Neem Tree Azadirachta indica

“…Intriguingly, this means that the obtained results may describe a mechanism of action as well as identify a distinct drug candidate that can be directly modified for pharmaceutical development. Finally and importantly, as an alternative method to control specific classes of viral or parasitic diseases, many researchers have demonstrated the ability of A. indica derivatives to deter and/or to negatively affect the many species of insect vectors that transmit these pathogens [reviewed in ( Benelli et al, 2017a )] ( Soni and Prakash, 2014 ; Abiy et al, 2015 ; Benelli et al, 2015 ; Maheswaran and Ignacimuthu, 2015 ; Poopathi et al, 2015 ; Chandramohan et al, 2016 ; Murugan et al, 2016 ; Yerbanga et al, 2016 ; Benelli et al, 2017b ; Kaura et al, 2019 ; Paramo et al, 2020 ; Rasool et al, 2020 ; Ejeta et al, 2021 ; Zatelli et al, 2022 ).…”

Biosynthesis and Characterizations of Silver Nanoparticles from Annona squamosa Leaf and Fruit Extracts for Size-Dependent Biomedical Applications

“…The AgNPs produced from A. indica and C. colocynphis extracts have been found to be effective for larvicidal activity (anti-dengue) with size ranges of 11-21 nm and 21-31 nm, respectively [54]. As the present study explored distinct extracts, it discovered a size range of 35-90 nm and 15-50 nm, with the larger size showing the agglomeration effect caused by various factors, such as extract concentration, pH value, temperature, time, and so on, while the smaller size range shows a significant structure with less surface energy, and thus particles with a small size can be more effective for anti-cancer, antibacterial, and antilarvicidal applications [54]. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of different leaf extractmediated AgNPs with sizes ranging from 3-15 nm has been established [29], indicating a large potential for future prospects in biomedical applications.…”