Biosynthesis, Characterization, and Antifungal Activity of Novel Trimetallic Copper Oxide–Selenium–Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Some Mucorales Fungi

Abstract

Metal nanoparticles are assumed to be a new generation of biologically active materials. The integrations between more than one metal are synergetic multifunctional features. In the current study, trimetallic copper–selenium–zinc oxide nanoparticles (Tri-CSZ NPs) were successfully mycosynthesized using Aspergillus niger through an ecofriendly method for the first time. The biosynthesis of the particles was characterized using physiochemical and topographical analysis. The physiochemical analysis included Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which affirmed that the biosynthesis of Tri-CSZ NPs relies on the functional groups of fungal filtrates. Additionally, the UV–visible and X-ray diffraction patterns were proposed for the formation of Tri-CSZ NPs; moreover, topography analysis confirmed that the micromorphology of the nanoparticles were similar to a stick, with ends having a tetragonal pyramid shape, and with an average nanosize of about 26.3 ± 5.4 nm. Cytotoxicity results reveled that the Tri-CSZ NPs have no cytotoxicity on the human normal cell line Wi 38 at low concentrations, where the IC50 was 521 µg/mL. Furthermore, the antifungal activity of the Tri-CSZ NPs was evaluated. The antifungal results revealed that the Tri-CSZ NPs have promising antifungal activity against Mucor racemosus, Rhizopus microsporus, Lichtheimia corymbifera, and Syncephalastrum racemosum, where the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 1.95, 7.81, 62.5, and 3.9 µg/mL, and the minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) were 250, 62.5, 125, and 1000 µg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, Tri-CSZ NPs were successfully mycosynthesized using A. niger, which have a promising antifungal activity against fungi causing mucormycosis.

Synthesis, Characterization and Potential Antimicrobial Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles Stabilized with Cetyltrimethylammonium Chloride

“…MIC of Se NPs-CTAC for Escherichia coli (0.1940 mmoll/L) was lower than MIC of Se NPs stabilized with polysorbate [82], bovine serum albumin and chitosan [11], as well as green synthesized Se NPs [83]. Regarding potential antifungal activity, the results obtained corresponds to results of other authors tested various forms and complexes of Se NPs on Mucor, Penicillium digitatum, Rhizoctonia solani, Lichtheimia corymbifera and Syncephalastrum racemosum [84][85][86]. High potential of antibacterial activity of Se NPs-CTAC was also confirmed using the disk diffusion method.…”

Fungus Mediated Copper Oxide Nanoparticles against Fungi Isolated from Soft-rot Infected Ginger

“…Also, FESEM images confirmed the average visible size of CuONPs under an electron beam was below 100 nm (Kamel et al, 2022). CuONPs have previously been reported to exhibit antifungal activity against root-rot causing fungi in cucumber, where they help in maintaining thicker cell walls, mesophyll tissue, and root cortex after treatment (Kamel et al, 2022;Hashem et al, 2023). Nanotechnology is continuously paving the way to solve the losses due to fungi in agriculture (Athawale et al, 2018;Rai et al, 2018;Yadav et al, 2023).…”

The inhibitory effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on clinical isolates of Microsporum canis in dogs and cats

“…( 2023 ) evaluated the antifungal effects of mycosynthesized trimetallic copper–selenium–zinc oxide nanoparticles (Tri‐CSZ NPs), which were prepared using an eco‐friendly method utilizing A. niger . The antifungal results showed promising antifungal activity against Mucor racemosus , Rhizopus microsporus, Lichtheimia corymbifera and Syncephalastrum racemosum , with the MIC of 1.95, 7.81, 62.5 and 3.9 μg/mL, and the MFCs of 250, 62.5, 125 and 1000 μg/mL (Hashem et al., 2023 ). This optimistic antifungal activity against fungi causing mucormycosis is in‐line with our conclusion on the antifungal effects of ZnO nanoparticles.…”

“…NPs, the antifungal effect of the ZnO-TiO 2 combination was also investigated, and higher antifungal activity than the pure form was observed (Najibi Ilkechi et al, 2021). Hashem et al (2023) evaluated the antifungal effects of mycosynthesized trimetallic copper-selenium-zinc oxide nanoparticles (Tri-CSZ NPs), which were prepared using an eco-friendly method utilizing A. niger. The antifungal results showed promising antifungal activity against Mucor racemosus, Rhizopus microsporus, Lichtheimia corymbifera and Syncephalastrum racemosum, with the MIC of 1.95, 7.81, 62.5 and 3.9 μg/mL, and the MFCs of 250, 62.5, 125 and 1000 μg/mL (Hashem et al, 2023).…”