Biosynthesis, Molecular Regulation, and Application of Bacilysin Produced by Bacillus Species

Abstract

Microbes produce a diverse range of secondary metabolites in response to various environmental factors and interspecies competition. This enables them to become superior in a particular environment. Bacilysin, a dipeptide antibiotic produced by Bacillus species, is active against a broad range of microorganisms. Because of its simple structure and excellent mode of action, i.e., through the inhibition of glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase, it has drawn the attention of researchers. In addition, it acts as a pleiotropic signaling molecule that affects different cellular activities. However, all Bacillus species are not capable of producing bacilysin. The biosynthesis of bacilysin by Bacillus species is not uniform throughout the population; specificity and heterogeneity at both the strain and species levels has been observed. This review discusses how bacilysin is biosynthesized by Bacillus species, the regulators of its biosynthesis, its importance in the host, and the abiotic factors affecting bacilysin production.

The Endophytic Root Microbiome Is Different in Healthy and Ralstonia solanacearum-Infected Plants and Is Regulated by a Consortium Containing Beneficial Endophytic Bacteria

“…S4). Bacilysin is a nonribosomally synthesized dipeptide antibiotic that is active against a wide range of bacteria and fungi ( 14 ). Surfactin is a cyclic lipopeptide synthesized by Bacillus ( 15 ).…”

Metabolite profiling and antioxidant capacity of natural Ophiocordyceps gracilis and its cultures using LC‐MS/MS‐based metabolomics: Comparison with Ophiocordyceps sinensis

“…The amino acids, peptides, and various proteins extracted from Cordyceps are commonly used dietary supplements, and Cordyceps protein products contribute to improving blood pressure and blood vessel relaxation. 32 In addition to various essential amino acids, four active peptides have also been identified in this study, including bacilysin with antimicrobial activity, 33 carnosine, which improves myocardial function, 34 kyotorphin with analgesic effects, 35 and glutathione with antioxidant properties. 36 These amino acids and active peptides are important constituents responsible for the pharmacological effects of natural O. gracilis and O. sinensis.…”

Phylogenomics of novel clones ofAeromonas veroniirecovered from a freshwater lake reveals unique biosynthetic gene clusters

“…Of note, a bacilysin homolog gene (56) was detected in a pair of non-human pathogenic strains. Bacilysin is an antimicrobial dipeptide produced by Bacillus species that exhibits antagonistic activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (56, 76, 77). Further studies would be required to decipher the antimicrobial activity of the bacilysin homolog identified in this study against human pathogenic strains of A. veronii and other pathogens, as well as their mechanism of actions.…”