Biosynthesis of Aristolochic Acid

Abstract

Some Aristolochia species were investigated for the presence of aristolochic acid and magnoflorine. In all cases these two compounds were found in the roots and rhizomes of the plants, [4‐14C]‐Tetrahydropapaverine · HCl feeding to Aristolochia sipho gave no radioactive aristolochic acid I. Feeding of [4‐14C]‐norlaudanosoline‐HCl yielded radioactive aristolochic acid I. The carboxyl group contained 69% of the radioactivity.

Deep sequencing and transcriptome analysis to identify genes related to biosynthesis of aristolochic acid in Asarum heterotropoides

“…13 reported the formation of radioactive aristolochic acid I when [β-14C,15N]-tyrosine was added to Aristolochia sipho . The synthesis pathway of aristolochic acid I is speculated to be tyrosine → tyramine → 4-hydroxy-phenyl-acetaldehyde → (s)-nor-amethoxine → (S)-Nor Laudanine → orientaliue → stephanine → aristolochic acid I, adapted from the literature published by Comer (1969) 14 (Fig. 10).…”

Naturally occurring plant isoquinoline N-oxide alkaloids: Their pharmacological and SAR activities

“…3. The scientific details of aristolochic acids biosynthesis have been reported in several research papers (Schütte et al, 1967;Comer et al, 1969;Sharma et al, 1982;Krumbiegel et al 1987), and recently reviewed (Winkler and Hertweck 2007;Michl et al, 2014;Kumar et al, 2003). The plants of the genera Aristolochia and Asarum became the interesting topic for the phytochemical and pharmaceutical researchers since the discovery of aristolochic acid derivatives.…”

Biosynthesis of aristolochic acid

“…I), a group of substituted 10-nitro-1-phenanthroic acids, have been found to occur in many species of the genus Aristolochia (2)(3)(4)(5), as well as in other members of the family Aristolochiaceae (6). A biogenetic relationship between these compounds and the aporphine alkaloids has been suspected on structural grounds (2,3,7).…”

“…A biogenetic relationship between these compounds and the aporphine alkaloids has been suspected on structural grounds (2,3,7). An aporphine alkaloid, magnoflorine, does indeed accompany aristolochic acids in various Aristolochia species (5,7).…”