Biosynthesis of carnosine in primary cultures of rat olfactory bulb

Bakardjiev, Anastasia

doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(97)00315-7

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Carnosine synthesis studied in cell culture was restricted to muscle cells, oligodendrocytes, and ensheathing cells of olfactory bulb and increased during differentiation of these cells (Bakardjiev and Bauer, 1994;Hoffmann et al, 1996;Bakardjiev, 1997). These data suggest a role for carnosine in mature tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Carnosine and β‐alanine release is stimulated by glutamatergic receptors in cultured rat oligodendrocytes

Bakardjiev¹

1998

Glia

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Carnosine and β‐alanine release is stimulated by glutamatergic receptors in cultured rat oligodendrocytes

Bakardjiev¹

1998

Glia

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“…Several lines of evidence suggest that carnosine synthetase is not saturated with its substrate in physiological conditions and that the immediate precursor β-alanine may play a role in regulating tissue carnosine levels (Margolis et al, 1985). In cell cultures, biosynthesis of carnosine has been demonstrated to occur in muscle cells and in glial cells (Bauer et al, 1982;Bakardjiev and Bauer, 1994;Hoffmann et al, 1996;Bakardjiev, 1997). By contrast, no significant synthesis of homocarnosine was described, probably due to the fact that glial cells rapidly degrade γ-aminobutyric acid, a precursor of homocarnosine.…”

Section: Carnosine Synthesis and Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, low levels of homocarnosine synthesis can be observed when degradation of γ-aminobutyric acid is experimentally inhibited (Bauer et al, 1982). In primary cultures from the rodent olfactory bulb, it has been suggested that carnosine synthesis is restricted to the ensheathing cells (Bakardjiev, 1997). Recent studies, carried out on glial cell cultures highly enriched either in astrocytes or in oligodendrocytes, have shown that carnosine synthesis is confined to oligodendrocytes, whereas astrocytes would be capable of carnosine uptake (Hoffmann et al, 1996).…”

Section: Carnosine Synthesis and Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

Carnosine-related dipeptides in the mammalian brain

Bonfanti

Peretto

Marchis

et al. 1999

Progress in Neurobiology

190

107

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-Carnosine and structurally related dipeptides are a group of histidine-containing molecules widely distributed in vertebrate organisms and particularly abundant in muscle and nervous tissue. Although many theories have been proposed, the biological function(s) of these compounds in the nervous system remains enigmatic. The purpose of this article is to review the distribution of carnosine-related dipeptides in the mammalian brain, with particular reference to some cell populations wherein these molecules have been demonstrated to occur very recently. The high expression of carnosine in the mammalian olfactory receptor neurons led to infer that this dipeptide could play a role as a neurotransmitter/modulator in olfaction. This prediction, which has not yet been fully demonstrated, does not explain the localization of carnosine-related dipeptides in other cell types, such as glial and ependymal cells. A recent demonstration of high carnosine-like immunoreactivity in the subependymal layer of rodents, an area of the forebrain which shares with the olfactory neuroepithelium the occurrence of continuous neurogenesis during adulthood, supports the hypothesis that carnosine-related dipeptides could be implicated in some forms of structural plasticity. However, the particular distribution of these molecules in the subependymal layer, along with their expression in glial/ependymal cell populations, suggests that they are not directly linked to cell migration or cell renewal. In the absence of a unified theory about the role of carnosine-related dipeptides in the nervous system, some common features shared by different cell populations of the mammalian brain which contain these molecules are discussed.

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“…For example, GFAP and GalC are coexpressed in O-2A cells (Yim et al, 1994). Addition of db-cAMP to primary cultures of glial cells from adult rat olfactory bulb results in the coexpression of GalC and GFAP (Bakardjiev, 1997). C6 rat glioma cell cultures contain young oligodendrocytes that are GFAP negative-GalC positive and mixed astrocyte-oligodendrocyte cells positive for both GFAP and GalC, a GFAP plus GalC expressing phenotype that remained after adaptation to serum-free conditions (Coyle, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of initiated cells in N-methylnitrosourea-induced carcinogenesis of the CNS in the adult rat

Kokkinakis¹

2001

Neuro-Oncology

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Neuro-Oncology nA P R I L 2 0 0 1 99 Glial tumors may originate from the malignant transformation of multipotent glial progenitor cells, but tools to study malignant transformation leading to gliomas are limited by the lack of biological systems that represent early stages of this disease in adult animals. In order to characterize the initiated cells that give rise to gliomas, we have employed the N-methylnitrosourea (MNU) model for induction of brain tumors in adult rats (Rushing et al., 1998). Speci cally, we have isolated and cultured transformed (premalignant) cells from normal-appearing brains of rats exposed to MNU for 10 weeks and from histologically abnormal brains of rats exposed to MNU for 15 weeks. We compared them with cells cultured from control animals under identical conditions. Cultured cells were classi ed according to their morphology, immunophenotype, karyotype, proliferation capacity, and tumorigenicity in athymic mice. Cultures from untreated normal rat brains grew as monolayers and had normal karyotypes (42 X,Y), epithelioid morphology, and slow proliferative capacity (doubling time >120 h). In contrast, cultured cells from brains of MNU-exposed animals had karyotypes that ranged from normal to highly aneuploid. Aneuploid lines grew rapidly in multilayers (doubling time <24 h), had differentiated astrocytic or oligodendroglial morphology and immunohistochemical staining pro le, and yielded tumors in athymic mice. Initiated cells with minor chromosomal aberrations assumed mixed bipolar or tripolar morphologies in high density cultures, proliferated rapidly, but showed contact inhibition and failed to induce tumors when injected s.c. in athymic mice. In general, lines showing no evidence of chromosomal aberrations had the most epithelioid morphology, proliferated slowly (doubling time >72 h), and retained strict contact growth inhibition. The presumed undifferentiated glial progenitor cells in culture from either control or MNU-treated rats variably expressed markers such as vimentin, nestin, and NG2 proteoglycan, and they weakly expressed the mature astrocytic or oligoden- Israel, M., Aldape, K., Bishop, J.M., DePinho, R., Burns, M., Milshetyn, N., Kuriyama, H., Roberts, T., and Weiss, W.A. (1999) Dysregulated expression of v-erbB causes oligodendroglioma in transgenic mice. Society for Neuro-oncology, Fourth Annual Scienti c Meeting, Scottsdale, AZ. Abstract P-5. 5 Abbreviations used are as follows: bFGF, basic broblast growth factor; BrdU, bromodeoxyuridine; db-cAMP, dibutyryl-cyclic-AMP; GalC, galactocerbroside; GFAP, glial brillary acidic protein; MAP-2, microtubule-associated protein-2; MNU, N-methylnitrosourea; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; SWRB, Southwestern rat brain line; TRITC, tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate. Neuro-Oncologydroglial markers glial brillary acidic protein or galactocerbroside, respectively. These cultures differentiated to bipolar-tripolar morphology with concomitant maturation to a GFAP+ or GalC+ phenotype upon exposure to secondary messengers such as d...

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Biosynthesis of carnosine in primary cultures of rat olfactory bulb

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Carnosine and β‐alanine release is stimulated by glutamatergic receptors in cultured rat oligodendrocytes

Carnosine and β‐alanine release is stimulated by glutamatergic receptors in cultured rat oligodendrocytes

Carnosine-related dipeptides in the mammalian brain

Characterization of initiated cells in N-methylnitrosourea-induced carcinogenesis of the CNS in the adult rat

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