Biosynthesis of cell walls of fungi

Roles of the CDC24 gene product in cellular morphogenesis during the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle.

“…Moreover, these same strains displayed abnormal localization of budding sites when grown at 24 °C (the normal permissive temperature for the mutants) ; in each case, the abnormal pattern of budding sites segregated with the temperature sensitivity in crosses.Thus, the CDC24 gene product seems to be involved in selection of the budding site, formation of the chitin ring at that site, the subsequent localization of new cell wall growth to the budding site and the growing bud, and the balance between tip growth and uniform growth of the bud that leads to the normal cell shape .Cellular morphogenesis is the process by which cellular form and spatial organization are generated . During the cell division cycle of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cellular morphogenesis includes the following sequential events : (a) selection of a nonrandom site at which budding will occur (1,14,23,25, 41,46) ; (b) formation of a ring of chitin (the "bud scar") in the largely nonchitinous cell wall at that site (24, 34) ; (c) localization of new cell wall growth to the region bounded by the chitin ring, resulting in the appearance and selective growth of a bud (10,11,22,27,28); (d) localization of new cell wall growth to the tip of the growing bud (l0, 11, 27, 43); (e) cytokinesis and the formation of septal cell wall (6, 43) . In addition, it seems that periods of uniform growth of the bud cell wall precede and follow the period of tip growth (11) ; presumably, the relative amounts of tip growth and of uniform growth are adjusted to yield the normal ellipsoidal shape of the daughter cell (10,11) .…”

“…Cellular morphogenesis is the process by which cellular form and spatial organization are generated . During the cell division cycle of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cellular morphogenesis includes the following sequential events : (a) selection of a nonrandom site at which budding will occur (1,14,23,25, 41,46) ; (b) formation of a ring of chitin (the "bud scar") in the largely nonchitinous cell wall at that site (24, 34) ; (c) localization of new cell wall growth to the region bounded by the chitin ring, resulting in the appearance and selective growth of a bud (10,11,22,27,28); (d) localization of new cell wall growth to the tip of the growing bud (l0, 11, 27, 43); (e) cytokinesis and the formation of septal cell wall (6, 43) . In addition, it seems that periods of uniform growth of the bud cell wall precede and follow the period of tip growth (11) ; presumably, the relative amounts of tip growth and of uniform growth are adjusted to yield the normal ellipsoidal shape of the daughter cell (10,11) .…”

Role of surface mannan in the adherence of Candida albicans to fibrin-platelet clots formed in vitro

“…The surfaces (cell walls) of yeasts cells, including C. albicans, are almost exclusively polysaccharide (80 to 90%), generally with glucan and mannan-protein polymers predominating. The arrangement of these polymers within cell walls has been investigated extensively (3). Fluorescein-conjugated concanavalin A (ConA) has been used to stain Saccharomyces cerevisiae whole cells (21).…”

Απομονωση Τυποποιηση Δερματοφυτων. Μελετη Συνθηκων Της Σπορογονιας Των

“…Σε παλαιότερα τμήματα των υφών παρατηρούνται παράπλευροι κλάδοι που δίνουν γένεση σε καινούργιες υφές (Grove και συν. 1970, Farkas 1979 (Rippon 1988, Evans 1989 (Girbardt 1969, Farkas 1979 (Rippon 1988). Αντίθετα, μέσα στη θεμέλιο ουσία του μιτοχονδρίου βρίσκονται τα ένζυμα του κύκλου του Krebs όσο και της β-οξείδωσης των λιπαρών οξέων.…”

“…Κατά την οξείδωση 1 μορίου NADH παράγονται 3 ΑΤΡ, ενώ κατά την οξείδωση 1 μορίου FADH παράγονται 2 μόρια ΑΤΡ. Το παραγόμενο ΑΤΡ είναι απαραίτητο για την ανάπτυξη και τον πολλαπλασιασμό του μύκητα (Farkas 1979).…”