Biosynthesis of cellulose from Ulva lactuca, manufacture of nanocellulose and its application as antimicrobial polymer

Abstract

Green nanotechnology has recently been recognized as a more proper and safer tool for medical applications thanks to its natural reductions with low toxicity and avoidance of injurious chemicals. The macroalgal biomass was used for nanocellulose biosynthesis. Algae are abundant in the environment and have a high content of cellulose. In our study, we extracted parent cellulose from Ulva lactuca where consecutive treatments extracted cellulose to obtain an insoluble fraction rich in cellulose. The extracted cellulose has the same results obtained by matching it with reference cellulose, especially the same Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis peaks. Nanocellulose was synthesized from extracted cellulose with hydrolysis by sulfuric acid. Nanocellulose was examined by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) shown by a slab-like region as Fig. 4a and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) to examine the chemical composition. The size of nanocellulose in the range of 50 nm is calculated by XRD analysis. Antibacterial examination of nanocellulose was tested against Gram+ bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538), Klebsiella pneumonia (ST627), and Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) to give 4.06, 4.66, 4.93 and 4.43 cm as respectively. Comparing the antibacterial effect of nanocellulose with some antibiotics and estimating minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of nanocellulose. We tested the influence of cellulose and nanocellulose on some fungi such as Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis. These results demonstrate that nanocellulose could be developed as an excellent solution to these challenges, making nanocellulose extracted from natural algae a very important medical material that is compatible with sustainable development.

Removal of heavy metal ions from water using nanocellulose-based membranes derived from macroalgae Chara corallina

“…The presence of a peak at both 877 and 898 cm -1 indicates the existence of a betaglycosidic bond that connects glucose units (Fazio et al, 2020). The findings of the study suggest that the process of cellulose isolation from C. corallina was executed efficiently, yielding results that corroborate the existing literature (Wahlström et al, 2020;Saud et al, 2022;El-Sheekh et al, 2023).…”

“…The Empyrean PAN-analytical XRD technique was employed to investigate the crystalline structure of nanocellulose at room temperature. The crystallinity level (Crl%) was calculated using the Segal equation (El-Sheekh et al, 2023).…”

Extraction of Nanocellulose from the Residue of Sugarcane Bagasse Fiber for Anti-Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) Application

“…Clearly, the OD 600 value of S. aureus inoculum in the medium containing nanocellulose was lower than that of the control. This inhibitory effect the growth of S. aureus was likely due to the antiadhesion effect of the nanocellulose, as adhesion is the initial stage of bacterial biofilm formation [ 53 , 54 ]. The bacterial surfaces, which typically have a negative charge, can interact with extracellular carriers through several mechanisms, such as van der Waals forces, steric effects, and electrostatic interactions.…”

Elaeocarpus ganitrus (rudraksha) seeds as a potential sustainable reinforcement for polymer matrix composites

“…Owing to its versatility, the spectra offer indispensable groundwork for the analysis of a variety of organic compounds, including hydrocarbons, polymers, and other organic functional groups, posing it as a crucial instrument in chemical inquiry and elaborative material characterizations. [96][97][98] The carbonyl region, also known as the C O stretching region, refers to the region of the FTIR spectrum between 1780 and 1640 cm À1 . 99 The information in this spectral band is crucial for understanding compounds with carbonyl functional groups, such as aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and amides.…”