Biosynthesis of chlorophyll c in a dinoflagellate and heterologous production in planta

Jinkerson, Robert E.; Poveda-Huertes, Daniel; Cooney, Elizabeth C.; Cho, Anna; Ochoa-Fernandez, Rocio; Keeling, Patrick J.; Xiang, Tingting; Andersen-Ranberg, Johan

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.068

Cited by 3 publications

References 87 publications

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Chlorophyll Pigments and Their Synthetic Analogs

Tamiaki,

Kichishima

2024

Plant and Cell Physiology

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Oxygenic phototrophs use chlorophylls (Chls) as photosynthetically active pigments. A variety of Chl molecules have been found in photosynthetic eukaryotes including green plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Here we review their molecular structures with stereochemistry, occurrence in light-harvesting antennas and reaction centers, biosyntheses in the late stage, chemical stabilities, and visible absorption maxima in diethyl ether. The observed maxima are comparable to those of semisynthetic Chl analogs, methyl pyropheophorbides, in dichloromethane. The effects of their peripheral substituents and core π-conjugation on the maxima of the monomeric states are discussed. Notably, the oxidation along the molecular x-axis in Chl-a produces its accessory pigments, Chls-b/c, and introduction of an electron-withdrawing formyl group along the y-axis perpendicular to the x-axis affords far-red light absorbing Chls-d/f.

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Chlorophyll Pigments and Their Synthetic Analogs

Tamiaki,

Kichishima

2024

Plant and Cell Physiology

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Identifying the gene responsible for NPQ reversal inPhaeodactylum tricornutum

Ware,

Paton,

Bai

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Algae such as diatoms and haptophytes have distinct photosynthetic pigments from plants, including a novel set of carotenoids. This includes a primary xanthophyll cycle comprised of diadinoxanthin and its de-epoxidation product diatoxanthin that enables the switch between light harvesting and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ)-mediated dissipation of light energy. The enzyme responsible for the reversal of this cycle was previously unknown. Here, we identified zeaxanthin epoxidase 3 (ZEP3) from Phaeodactylum tricornutum as the candidate diatoxanthin epoxidase. Knocking out the ZEP3 gene caused a loss of rapidly reversible NPQ following saturating light exposure. This correlated with the maintenance of high concentrations of diatoxanthin during recovery in low light. Xanthophyll cycling and NPQ relaxation were restored via complementation of the wild type ZEP3 gene. The zep3 knockout strains showed reduced photosynthetic rates at higher light fluxes and reduced specific growth rate in variable light regimes, likely due to the mutant strains becoming locked in a light energy dissipation state. We were able to toggle the level of NPQ capacity in a time and dose dependent manner by placing the ZEP3 gene under the control of an inducible promoter. Identification of this gene provides deeper understanding of the diversification of photosynthetic control in algae compared to plants and suggests a potential target to improve the productivity of industrial-scale cultures.

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Structural Diversity in Eukaryotic Photosynthetic Light Harvesting

Iwai,

Patel-Tupper,

Niyogi

2024

Annual Review of Plant Biology

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Photosynthesis has been using energy from sunlight to assimilate atmospheric CO2 for at least 3.5 billion years. Through evolution and natural selection, photosynthetic organisms have flourished in almost all aquatic and terrestrial environments. This is partly due to the diversity of light-harvesting complex (LHC) proteins, which facilitate photosystem assembly, efficient excitation energy transfer, and photoprotection. Structural advances have provided Ångström-level structures of many of these proteins and have expanded our understanding of the pigments, lipids, and residues that drive LHC function. In this review, we compare and contrast recently observed cryo-electron microscopy structures across photosynthetic eukaryotes to identify structural motifs that underlie various light-harvesting strategies. We discuss subtle monomer changes that result in macroscale reorganization of LHC oligomers. Additionally, we find recurring patterns across diverse LHCs that may serve as evolutionary stepping stones for functional diversification. Advancing our understanding of LHC protein–environment interactions will improve our capacity to engineer more productive crops. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 75 is May 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Biosynthesis of chlorophyll c in a dinoflagellate and heterologous production in planta

Cited by 3 publications

References 87 publications

Chlorophyll Pigments and Their Synthetic Analogs

Chlorophyll Pigments and Their Synthetic Analogs

Identifying the gene responsible for NPQ reversal inPhaeodactylum tricornutum

Structural Diversity in Eukaryotic Photosynthetic Light Harvesting

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