Biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles and its therapeutic efficacy against colon cancer

Abstract

In the present study, pumpkin seed extract was used to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) along with evaluating its anticancer activity using different molecular biology tools in the human colorectal cancer cell line (HCT-116). Morphological and structural properties of the biogenically synthesized CuO NPs were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For estimating the anticancer efficacy, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cytotoxicity, morphological alteration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and alterations in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were determined. SEM and TEM data revealed the formation of spherical nanoparticles possessing an average size of 20 nm. The CuO NPs showed 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 25 µg/mL against the HCT-116 cell line. The treatment with IC50 concentration of CuO NPs showed significant shrinking, detachment, membrane blebbing, and shape distortion of cancer cells. Similarly, the IC50 dose of CuO NPs showed significantly early apoptosis in cancer cells compared to late apoptosis. The cancer cell line also showed a dose-dependent increase and decrease in ROS formation and MMP, respectively. The results obtained through various assays indicated significant anticancer efficacy of biogenically synthesized CuO NPs. Thus, further studies are recommended to validate our results using ex vivo and in vivo models.

Antiglycation potential of plant based TiO2 nanoparticle in D‐ribose glycated BSA in vitro

“…After 6 h of continuous stirring the color of the resulting solution changes from green to buff. This color change shows the formation of the TNPs The color change of the reaction mixture is basically due to the reduction of metal ions (Ti +4 ) The phytochemicals especially polyphenol compounds play major role in nanoparticle synthesis, provides reducing as well as stabilizing condition 21 . These NPs are isolated from the beaker and taken into the crucible and this crucible is placed into the muffle furnace.…”

“…Our results of this study, indicates significant decrease in AGEs specific emission in TNP treated D-Rib-BSA which might be due to TNP antioxidant potential resulting in the inhibition of fluorogenic AGEs and thus, increasing the protein stability. 9,21 The accumulation of AGEs due to overloaded hyperglycemia, and interaction AGEs with their receptors, that is, RAGE are considered to demonstrate a noteworthy part in diabetes-related secondary complications as well as in development of Alzheimer's and CVDs. [46][47][48] AGEs might worsen the diabetes and diabetes-associated secondary complications with greater exposure of free radicals and AGEs dependent signaling pathways.…”

The Role of Natural Products and Their Multitargeted Approach to Treat Solid Cancer

“…Nature remains to be a rich source of biologically active and diverse chemotypes. Unfortunately, a small percentage of natural products are being developed into clinically (Table 1) effective drugs via exploitation of chemical techniques such as metabolomics, alteration of their biosynthetic pathways, and total or combinatorial fabrication [16,152]. Therefore, it is imperative to apply various strategies for the management of this deadly diseases by using natural products, especially phytochemicals [137,138].…”

“…Nature remains to be a rich source of biologically active and diverse chemotypes. Unfortunately, a small percentage of natural products are being developed into clinically (Table 1) effective drugs via exploitation of chemical techniques such as metabolomics, alteration of their biosynthetic pathways, and total or combinatorial fabrication [16,152]. For prevention, Phase II Squamous cell carcinoma [84] Green tea catechins For prevention, Phase II High breast density and postmenopausal in women [150] For treatment, Phase II Neoplasm and multiple myeloma [150] For treatment, Phase II Oral premalignant lesion [153] For treatment, Phase II Bladder cancer [150] For prevention, Phase II Tobacco use disorder [150] For treatment, Phase I lung carcinoma [150] Table 1.…”

Investigating the anticancer efficacy of biogenic synthesized MgONPs: An in vitro analysis

“…Out of the total 27 species, three pumpkin species, namely, Cucurbita maxima , Cucurbita pepo , and Cucurbita moschata , are cultivated globally for ( Phillips et al, 2005 ; Patel, 2013 ). The flesh and seeds of pumpkin contain a high amount of proteins, antioxidants (carotenoids and tocopherols), minerals, fat, and calories ( Stevenson et al, 2007 ; Tabrez et al, 2022b ; Zughaibi et al, 2022 ). Pumpkin seeds are also a dietary source of polyunsaturated fatty acids and phytosterols (e.g., β-sitosterols) and a good source of zinc ( Ryan et al, 2007 ; Sabudak, 2007 ).…”