Biosynthesis of Fatty Acid Derivatives by Cyanobacteria: From Basics to Biofuel Production

Kawahara, Akihito; Hihara, Yukako

doi:10.1002/9783527824908.ch11

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Despite intensive research on cyanobacterial biofuel production, individual enzymes involved in the FASII pathway have been poorly studied. Nevertheless, cyanobacterial fab genes encoding the FASII pathway are highly conserved, and show homology to those of E. coli (Kawahara and Hihara 2021 ). Synechococcus 7942 (Santos-Merino et al 2018 ) and Synechocystis 6803 (Kaneko et al 1996 ) were found to possess the same indispensable fab genes as E. coli , with the exception of fabA and fabB .…”

Section: Exogenous Fatty Acid Incorporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few cyanobacteria of the Nostocales order were found to accumulate TAG and wax esters (fatty acid phytyl esters) (Kawahara and Hihara 2021 ): in Nostocpunctiforme PCC 73102 (Peramuna and Summers 2014 ), Mastigocladus and Tolypothrix (Řezanka et al 2012 ), and in N. commune (Tarante et al 1993 ). Until 2020, Synechocystis 6803 was the only reported non-filamentous, non-thermophilic cyanobacterium to accumulate and synthetize both TAG and wax esters (Aizouq et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Lipid Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this view, marine bacteria with the capacity of degrading hydrocarbons consume alka(e)nes at a very high rate (within days), resulting in the release of large amounts of CO 2 that is incorporated back to alka(e)nes by cyanobacteria, the main prokaryotic primary producers in this environment. According to estimations by Kawahara and Hihara, this short-term hydrocarbon cycle may contribute significantly to the carbon flux in upper oceans (Kawahara and Hihara 2021 ), which would hypothetically exceed by several orders of magnitude the ‘long-term hydrocarbon cycle’, mainly resulting from anthropogenic or natural seepage (Lea-Smith et al 2015 , Love et al 2021 ). As such, both of those cycles are linked by a community of alka(e)nes-degrading microorganisms.…”

Section: Lipid Turnovermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cyanobacteria possess carbon-concentrating mechanisms and convert solar energy into biomass (Kawahara and Hihara 2021 ). These prokaryotic microorganisms are therefore highly promising cell factories to produce biofuels, since their FA metabolism leads to the production of FFA and hydrocarbons like alka(e)nes.…”

Section: Engineering Of Cyanobacteria For Increased Ffa and Hydrocarb...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to these sources of organic carbon, the incorporation and assimilation of eFFAs in several cyanobacteria are well-established. Among the various studies revolving around eFFAs assimilation, it has been noted several times that cyanobacteria, unlike other microorganisms, seem to lack a β-oxidation pathway (von Berlepsch et al 2012 , Figueiredo et al 2021 , Kawahara and Hihara 2021 ). This pathway, considered ubiquitous across the tree of life (Pavoncello et al 2022 ) generates energy and allows for recycling of cellular FAs by breaking them down in what can be regarded as the reverse pathway of bacterial fatty acid synthesis II (FASII).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incorporation, fate, and turnover of free fatty acids in cyanobacteria

Kahn

Oliveira

Cuau

et al. 2023

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

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Fatty acids are important molecules in bioenergetics and also in industry. The phylum Cyanobacteria consists of a group of prokaryotes that typically carry out oxygenic photosynthesis with water as an electron donor and use carbon dioxide as a carbon source to generate a range of biomolecules, including fatty acids. They are also able to import exogenous free fatty acids and direct them to biosynthetic pathways. Here, we review current knowledge on mechanisms and regulation of free fatty acid transport into cyanobacterial cells, their subsequent activation and use in the synthesis of fatty acid-containing biomolecules such as glycolipids and alka(e)nes, as well as recycling of free fatty acids derived from such molecules. This review also covers efforts in the engineering of such cyanobacterial fatty acid-associated pathways en route to optimized biofuel production.

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Section: Exogenous Fatty Acid Incorporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lipid Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lipid Turnovermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Engineering Of Cyanobacteria For Increased Ffa and Hydrocarb...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incorporation, fate, and turnover of free fatty acids in cyanobacteria

Kahn

Oliveira

Cuau

et al. 2023

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

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Acylated plastoquinone is a novel neutral lipid accumulated in cyanobacteria

et al. 2023

Self Cite

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Although cyanobacteria do not possess bacterial triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesizing enzymes, accumulation of TAGs and/or lipid droplets has been repeatedly reported in a wide range of species. In most cases, identification of TAG has been based on the detection of the spot showing the mobility similar to the TAG standard in thin-layer chromatography of neutral lipids. In this study, we identified monoacyl plastoquinol (acyl PQH) as the predominant molecular species in the TAG-like spot from the unicellular Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (S.6803) as well as the filamentous Nostocales species, Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102 and Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. In S.6803, the accumulation level of acyl PQH but not TAG was affected by deletion or overexpression of slr2103, indicating that acyl PQH is the physiological product of Slr2103 having homology with the eukaryotic diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 (DGAT2). Electron microscopy revealed that cyanobacterial strains used in this study do not accumulate lipid droplet structures such as those observed in oleaginous microorganisms. Instead, they accumulate polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) granules and/or aggregates of alkane, free C16 and C18 saturated fatty acids and low amounts of TAG in the cytoplasmic area, which can be detected by staining with a fluorescent dye specific to neutral lipids. Unlike these lipophilic materials, acyl PQH is exclusively localized in the membrane fraction. There must be DGAT2-like enzymatic activity esterifying de novo-synthesized C16 and C18 fatty acids to PQH2 in the thylakoid membranes.

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Biosynthesis pathways of expanding carbon chains for producing advanced biofuels

Lin

2023

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Because the thermodynamic property is closer to gasoline, advanced biofuels (C ≥ 6) are appealing for replacing non-renewable fossil fuels using biosynthesis method that has presented a promising approach. Synthesizing advanced biofuels (C ≥ 6), in general, requires the expansion of carbon chains from three carbon atoms to more than six carbon atoms. Despite some specific biosynthesis pathways that have been developed in recent years, adequate summary is still lacking on how to obtain an effective metabolic pathway. Review of biosynthesis pathways for expanding carbon chains will be conducive to selecting, optimizing and discovering novel synthetic route to obtain new advanced biofuels. Herein, we first highlighted challenges on expanding carbon chains, followed by presentation of two biosynthesis strategies and review of three different types of biosynthesis pathways of carbon chain expansion for synthesizing advanced biofuels. Finally, we provided an outlook for the introduction of gene-editing technology in the development of new biosynthesis pathways of carbon chain expansion.

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Biosynthesis of Fatty Acid Derivatives by Cyanobacteria: From Basics to Biofuel Production

Cited by 3 publications

References 134 publications

Incorporation, fate, and turnover of free fatty acids in cyanobacteria

Incorporation, fate, and turnover of free fatty acids in cyanobacteria

Acylated plastoquinone is a novel neutral lipid accumulated in cyanobacteria

Biosynthesis pathways of expanding carbon chains for producing advanced biofuels

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