Biosynthesis of Isoprenoid Precursors in Arabidopsis

Rodríguez‐Concepción, Manuel; Campos, Narciso; Ferrer, Albert; Boronat, Albert

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4063-5_30

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…In contrast, the IPP pathway was not found to be significantly enriched in this study and specifically, 3-hydroxy-3-metylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), which plays only limiting role in plant isoprenoid biosynthesis of MVA pathway [ 49 ], was slightly down-regulated (Additional files 6 and 7 ). This implied that carbohydrate utilization by glycolysis and availability of the precursors for IPP biosynthesis may critically determine the rate of rubber production, and the IPP pathway accounts little for the effect of ethephon stimulation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Molecular mechanism of ethylene stimulation of latex yield in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) revealed by de novo sequencing and transcriptome analysis

et al. 2016

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BackgroundRubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is an important industrial crop cultivated in tropical areas for natural rubber production. Treatment of the bark of rubber trees with ehephon (an ethylene releaser) has been a routine measure to increase latex yield, but the molecular mechanism behind the stimulation of rubber production by ethylene still remains a puzzle. Deciphering the enigma is of great importance for improvement of rubber tree for high yield.ResultsDe novo sequencing and assembly of the bark transciptomes of Hevea brasiliensis induced with ethephon for 8 h (E8) and 24 h (E24) were performed. 51,965,770, 52,303,714 and 53,177,976 high-quality clean reads from E8, E24 and C (control) samples were assembled into 81,335, 80,048 and 80,800 unigenes respectively, with a total of 84,425 unigenes and an average length of 1,101 bp generated. 10,216 and 9,374 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in E8 and E24 compared with C were respectively detected. The expression of several enzymes in crucial points of regulation in glycolysis were up-regulated and DEGs were not significantly enriched in isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) biosynthesis pathway. In addition, up-regulated genes of great regulatory importance in carbon fixation (Calvin cycle) were identified.ConclusionsThe rapid acceleration of glycolytic pathway supplying precursors for the biosynthesis of IPP and natural rubber, instead of rubber biosynthesis per se, may be responsible for ethylene stimulation of latex yield in rubber tree. The elevated rate of flux throughout the Calvin cycle may account for some durability of ethylene-induced stimulation. Our finding lays the foundations for molecular diagnostic and genetic engineering for high-yielding improvement of rubber tree.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2587-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Molecular mechanism of ethylene stimulation of latex yield in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) revealed by de novo sequencing and transcriptome analysis

et al. 2016

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“…Eukaryotic HMGR has a key regulatory role in the mevalonate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis (Burg and Espenshade, 2011;Rodríguez-Concepción et al, 2013). Isoprenoid products derived from the pathway are involved in diverse essential functions, including membrane biogenesis (sterols), control of growth and development (steroid hormones and cytokinins), protein prenylation (farnesyl and geranyl groups), protein glycosylation (dolichols), and respiration (ubiquinones).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proliferation and Morphogenesis of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Driven by the Membrane Domain of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase in Plant Cells

et al. 2015

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The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) has a key regulatory role in the mevalonate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis and is composed of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-anchoring membrane domain with low sequence similarity among eukaryotic kingdoms and a conserved cytosolic catalytic domain. Organized smooth endoplasmic reticulum (OSER) structures are common formations of hypertrophied tightly packed ER membranes devoted to specific biosynthetic and secretory functions, the biogenesis of which remains largely unexplored. We show that the membrane domain of plant HMGR suffices to trigger ER proliferation and OSER biogenesis. The proliferating membranes become highly enriched in HMGR protein, but they do not accumulate sterols, indicating a morphogenetic rather than a metabolic role for HMGR. The N-terminal MDVRRRPP motif present in most plant HMGR isoforms is not required for retention in the ER, which was previously proposed, but functions as an ER morphogenic signal. Plant OSER structures are morphologically similar to those of animal cells, emerge from tripartite ER junctions, and mainly build up beside the nuclear envelope, indicating conserved OSER biogenesis in high eukaryotes. Factors other than the OSER-inducing HMGR construct mediate the tight apposition of the proliferating membranes, implying separate ER proliferation and membrane association steps. Overexpression of the membrane domain of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) HMGR leads to ER hypertrophy in every tested cell type and plant species, whereas the knockout of the HMG1 gene from Arabidopsis, encoding its major HMGR isoform, causes ER aggregation at the nuclear envelope. Our results show that the membrane domain of HMGR contributes to ER morphogenesis in plant cells.

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“…11 Plant HMGR has a key regulatory role in the MVA pathway and is modulated by a myriad of endogenous signals and external stimuli such as phytohormones, calcium, calmodulin, light, chemical challenge, wounding, elicitor treatment and pathogen attack. 3,4 It has been proposed that the major changes of HMGR activity would be determined at the transcriptional level, whereas post-translational mechanisms would allow a finer and faster adjustment. 10 Transcriptional modulation of HMGR has been demonstrated in many plant systems, but evidence of post-translational control is still scarce.…”

Section: Plant Hmg-coa Reductasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Transcriptional modulation of HMGR has been demonstrated in many plant systems, but evidence of post-translational control is still scarce. 3 A. thaliana HMGR responds post-translationally to compensate the enhancement or depletion of the metabolic flux through the MVA pathway. 12 Reversible phosphorylation at a conserved site of the catalytic domain, 13 inhibition by calcium 14 and protein degradation 15 have been proposed as post-translational mechanisms regulating plant HMGR (Fig.…”

Section: Plant Hmg-coa Reductasementioning

confidence: 99%