Biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta: Characterization of four fatty acyl elongases and a novel desaturase capacity

Ran, Zhaoshou; Xu, Jilin; Liao, Kai; Monroig, Óscar; Navarro, Juan Carlos; Oboh, Angela; Jin, Min; Zhou, Qicun; Zhou, Chengxu; Tocher, Douglas R.; Yan, Xiaojun

doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.04.004

Cited by 27 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…To produce these dienoic FAs, ∆5desaturase mediates the insertion of the double bond in 20:1n-7 and 20:1n-9, common for invertebrates [128]. Indeed, a fatty acyl desaturase (Fad) gene with ∆5 activity has been characterized both molecularly and functionally from the octopus Octopus vulgaris [102], the gastropod Patella vulgata [8], the abalone Haliotis discus [130], the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis [131] and the bivalve Sinonovacula constricta [132].…”

Section: Biosynthesis Of Fatty Acids In Mollusksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been proven that multiple invertebrates, including representative of mollusks, the gastropod Patella vulgata, possess the endogenous capability to produce n-3 PUFAs de novo and further biosynthesize physiologically essential n-3 LC-PUFAs [8]. Among aquatic invertebrates, the biosynthesis of LC-PUFAs has been more extensively investigated in marine mollusks [10,102,132,133]. Cloning and characterization of functional diversity of Fad and Elovl involved in the PUFA biosynthetic pathway was carried out in the cephalopods Octopus vulgaris and Sepia officinalis, abalone Haliotis discus and bivalves, Chlamys nobilis and C. angulata, and the achievements were reviewed [9].…”

Section: Biosynthesis Of Fatty Acids In Mollusksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, some mollusk species, similarly to the majority of other invertebrates, possess genes encoding desaturases and elongases involved in pathways of biosynthetic pathways of LC-PUFAs [8,9,132,133], although both their potential and functions remain to be clarified. However, the most species of marine mollusks are apparently not capable to carry out the synthesis of these FA to a sufficient extent to satisfy the physiological requirements.…”

Section: Dietary Source Of Pufas Versus Own Biosynthetic Capability Omentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fatty Acids of Marine Mollusks: Impact of Diet, Bacterial Symbiosis and Biosynthetic Potential

Zhukova

2019

Biomolecules

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The n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) families are essential for important physiological processes. Their major source are marine ecosystems. The fatty acids (FAs) from phytoplankton, which are the primary producer of organic matter and PUFAs, are transferred into consumers via food webs. Mollusk FAs have attracted the attention of researchers that has been driven by their critical roles in aquatic ecology and their importance as sources of essential PUFAs. The main objective of this review is to focus on the most important factors and causes determining the biodiversity of the mollusk FAs, with an emphasis on the key relationship of these FAs with the food spectrum and trophic preference. The marker FAs of trophic sources are also of particular interest. The discovery of new symbioses involving invertebrates and bacteria, which are responsible for nutrition of the host, deserves special attention. The present paper also highlights recent research into the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of PUFA biosynthesis in marine mollusks. The biosynthetic capacities of marine mollusks require a well-grounded evaluation.Biomolecules 2019, 9, 857 2 of 25 consumers and food consumed, and, therefore, FA can be used as efficient and useful biomarkers for the study of trophic interactions between organisms in aquatic ecosystems [5,6].However, information about the endogenous mechanisms of marine invertebrates responsible for synthesis of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs is still being accumulated. Recent researches have shown the potential of some marine mollusks for endogenous synthesis of long chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs) [7][8][9]. Based on the transcriptome and genome sequences, as well as various publicly available databases, a number of novel fatty acyl desaturases (Fad) and elongations of very long-chain fatty acid (Elovl) genes have been identified from the major orders of the phylum Mollusca, suggesting that many mollusks possess most of the required enzymes for the synthesis of long chain LC-PUFAs [10]. The question whether these findings of the desaturase sequences in invertebrate species really cast doubt on the idea that the organic matter is transferred along the food chains, and thus the existence of trophic links between primary producers and consumers and the relationship of the FA composition of animals and the FA composition of food, are currently under discussion [8].Mollusk FA have attracted the attention of researchers that has been driven by their critical roles in aquatic ecology and in trophic food webs, as well as by their importance as sources of essential FAs with important impacts on human health [11]. Among marine animals, mollusks are especially important as a source of PUFAs (after fish). Many members of the phylum Mollusca, commonly known as clams and snails, are traditional seafood items in human diets, and rich in essential PUFAs. The edible mollusks are commercially harvested and cultured [12]. Marine bivalve mollusks are highly appreciated, partly because of their positive effects on human health ...

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Section: Biosynthesis Of Fatty Acids In Mollusksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biosynthesis Of Fatty Acids In Mollusksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dietary Source Of Pufas Versus Own Biosynthetic Capability Omentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fatty Acids of Marine Mollusks: Impact of Diet, Bacterial Symbiosis and Biosynthetic Potential

Zhukova

2019

Biomolecules

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“…However the elongase amino acid sequence in the same species of octopus was very similar to those of other eukaryotes (Monroig et al 2012a). Further, Δ5 and Δ6 fatty acyl desaturases have recently been implicated in PUFA biosynthesis in the aquacultured razor clam Sinonovacula constricta alongside novel elongases (Ran et al 2019). The observed pattern of fatty acid profiles in different organisms likely reflects functional/ecological diversification within the core set of pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophic upgrading of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids by polychaetes: a stable isotope approach using Alitta virens

et al. 2021

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Polychaete worms are rich sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and are increasingly incorporated into aquaculture broodstock diets. Conventionally, the build-up of PUFA in polychaetes was considered passive, with direct accumulation along the food web, originating with microalgae and other primary producers. However, it has been argued that polychaetes (and other multicellular eukaryotes) are capable of PUFA biosynthesis through the elongation and desaturation of precursor lipids. We further test this hypothesis in the ecologically and economically important nereid polychaete Alitta virens by adopting a stable isotope labelling approach. Worms were fed a 13C-1-palmitic acid (C16:0) enriched diet with the resulting isotopically enriched lipid products identified over a 7-day period. The data showed strong evidence of lipid elongation and desaturation, but with a high rate of PUFA turnover. A putative biosynthetic pathway is proposed, terminating with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) via arachidonic (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA) and involving a Δ8 desaturase.

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“…Therefore, S. constricta is an excellent LC-PUFA resource for human nutritional requirement. Importantly, S. constricta is demonstrated as the first marine mollusc to possess all Fad and Elovl activities required for LC-PUFA biosynthesis via the Sprecher pathway (27,28) . In addition, S. constricta Δ6 Fad is also the first report of a Δ6 Fad in a marine mollusc (27) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Transcriptional regulation mechanism of sterol regulatory element binding proteins on Δ6 fatty acyl desaturase in razor clamSinonovacula constricta

Ran

Kong

et al. 2020

Br J Nutr

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Abstract The razor clam, Sinonovacula constricta, contains high levels of long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA), which are critical for human health. In addition, S. constricta is the first marine mollusc demonstrated to possess Δ6 fatty acyl desaturase (Fad) and complete LC-PUFA biosynthetic ability, providing a good representative to investigate the molecular mechanism of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBP) in regulating Δ6 Fad for LC-PUFA biosynthesis in marine molluscs. Herein, S. constricta SREBP and Δ6 Fad promoter were cloned and characterised. Subsequently, dual luciferase and electrophoretic mobility shift assays were conducted to explore the SREBP binding elements in the core regulatory region of S. constricta Δ6 Fad promoter. Results showed that S. constricta SREBP had a very conservative basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper motif, while S. constricta Δ6 Fad promoter exhibited very poor identity with teleost Fads2 promoters, indicating their differentiation during evolution. A 454 bp region harbouring a core sequence in S. constricta Δ6 Fad promoter was predicted to be essential for the transcriptional activation by SREBP. This was the first report on the regulatory mechanism of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in marine molluscs, which would facilitate optimising the LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathway of bivalves in further studies.

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Biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta: Characterization of four fatty acyl elongases and a novel desaturase capacity

Cited by 27 publications

References 39 publications

Fatty Acids of Marine Mollusks: Impact of Diet, Bacterial Symbiosis and Biosynthetic Potential

Fatty Acids of Marine Mollusks: Impact of Diet, Bacterial Symbiosis and Biosynthetic Potential

Trophic upgrading of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids by polychaetes: a stable isotope approach using Alitta virens

Transcriptional regulation mechanism of sterol regulatory element binding proteins on Δ6 fatty acyl desaturase in razor clamSinonovacula constricta

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