Biosynthesis of Phenolic Compounds

Vermerris, Wilfred; Nicholson, Ralph L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5164-7_3

Cited by 99 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 186 publications

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“…13 C NMR (CDCl 3 ): 14.1 (C(10')), 22.7 (C(9')), 26.0 (C(8')), 28.7 (C(7')), 29.3 (C(6'), C(5')), 29.6 (C(4'), C(3')), 31.9 (C(2')), 65.0 (C(1')), 114.5 (C (2) . Stock solutions of all tested compounds were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Fisher), under sterile conditions, and kept in the dark, at room temperature, for a maximum of two weeks.…”

Section: Trans-hexylmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particular attention is at present given to hydroxycinnamic acids due to their remarkable biological properties, including antimicrobial activity of broad spectrum. 24,26,27 The antimicrobial mode of action of phenolic acids can be due to their ability to destabilize and permeabilize the cytoplasmatic membrane, inhibition of enzymes involved in radical generation and also the inhibition of the synthesis of nucleic acids of both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria. 8 Caffeic acid ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine-tuning of the hydrophobicity of caffeic acid: studies on the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

et al. 2015

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The increased bacterial multidrug resistance caused by inappropriate use and overuse of antimicrobials is a global concern. To circumvent this issue, a quest for the development of new active agents has been widely recognized. Some phytochemical products, produced by plants as part of their chemical defense strategies, are regarded as new stimulus to develop novel antimicrobials that are not as vulnerable as current drugs to bacterial resistance mechanisms. In this study, the antimicrobial activity and mode of action of caffeic acid (CAF) and a series of CAF alkyl esters was assessed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with the aim of analyzing the influence of the alkyl ester side chain length on the activity. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), changes in physicochemical surface properties and intracellular potassium leakage were used as physiological indices for the antimicrobial mode of action. CAF alkyl esters were found to be effective antimicrobial agents against both bacteria. Their activity was directly dependent on their lipophilicity, which affected bacterial susceptibility, the physicochemical properties of the bacteria and the integrity of the membranes. E. coli was less susceptible than S. aureus to the action of the compounds. Longer alkyl side chains were more effective against the Gram-positive bacterium, while medium length alkyl side chain compounds were more effective against the Gram-negative bacterium. Caffeic acid derivatives are proposed to act as cell permeabilizers, inducing membrane alterations, causing rupture with potassium leakage, particularly on the Gram positive bacterium, and consequent cell death.

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Section: Trans-hexylmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-tuning of the hydrophobicity of caffeic acid: studies on the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

et al. 2015

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“…Phenol (C6H5OH) is the simplest member of phenolic compounds formed by an aromatic benzenoid ring (phenyl) and a hydroxyl (-OH) group whereas phenolics are subsequent phenols with structure R-C 6H4OH (R represents groups like OH and OCH3) [3]. Hence, phenolic compounds are characterized by hydroxyl (-OH) group which is attached to a carbon atom and is part of an aromatic ring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of 40 phenolic compounds during ultrasound-assisted extractions (UAE)

Setyaningsih¹,

Saputro²,

Palma³

et al. 2016

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Phenolics have been positively associated with many health benefits due to their prominent antioxidant activities. Sample extractions are required before chromatographic measurements for the determination of phenolics in matrices. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the stability of 40 phenolic compounds of different families (benzoic acids, benzoic aldehydes, cinnamic acids, catechins, stilbenes, and flavonols) under conditions of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The influence on the stability affected by the working temperature between 10 and 70°C applying ultrasounds for 20 minutes was evaluated. As for precisely pinpointing the trigger for the degradation, the extractions were repeated in a light protected experiments and by stirring to check their influences on the stability of phenolics apart from the effects of ultrasounds. Regardless the present of light, all studied phenolics were stable up to 50°C except kaempferol and some light-sensitive compounds such as resveratrol, sinapic acid, and p-coumaric acid. By light protected UAE, starting at 60°C there were significant degradations of gallic acid (12%) and rutin (16%) while other compounds showed degradation starting at 70 o C i.e. p-coumaric (11%), o-coumaric (12%) and resveratrol (21%).

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“…Tau proteins are separated by Anthocyanin compounds of cinnamon extract within a specif ied term, thus it is said that cinnamon extract can play a main role in hindering combination of beta-amyloidal plates which is considered a signif icant factor in Alzheimer's disease. Molecules of Poly-Phenol Polymeric are another derivations of Proanthocyanin which exist in the cinnamon extract (Vermerris & Nicholson, 2006). Relevant Poly-Phenols can present information from Amyloid, independent of oxidation conditions, thus they can prevent neurotoxicity induced by beta-amyloid and assist symptoms of Alzheimer (Ranjbar , 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%