2013
DOI: 10.3390/md11103998
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Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Marine Invertebrates: Recent Advances in Molecular Mechanisms

Abstract: Virtually all polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) originate from primary producers but can be modified by bioconversions as they pass up the food chain in a process termed trophic upgrading. Therefore, although the main primary producers of PUFA in the marine environment are microalgae, higher trophic levels have metabolic pathways that can produce novel and unique PUFA. However, little is known about the pathways of PUFA biosynthesis and metabolism in the levels between primary producers and fish that are larg… Show more

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Cited by 262 publications
(204 citation statements)
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References 103 publications
(162 reference statements)
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“…Research investigating the Fad and Elovl gene families that desaturate and elongate LC‐PUFAs has largely been restricted to bilaterian taxa (Carmona‐Antoñanzas et al., 2011; Castro et al., 2012; Fonseca‐Madrigal et al., 2014; Kabeya et al., 2017; Li et al., 2017; Li et al., 2010; Mohd‐Yusof et al., 2010; Monroig, Guinot, et al., 2012; Monroig, Navarro, et al., 2012; Monroig, Webb, et al., 2011; Monroig et al., 2010, 2016, 2017, 2013; Morais et al., 2009; Surm et al., 2015). We have investigated the phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary histories of the Fad and Elovl gene families in phylum Cnidaria, to provide insights into evolution and the distribution of these gene families in Metazoa outside of bilaterian taxa.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Research investigating the Fad and Elovl gene families that desaturate and elongate LC‐PUFAs has largely been restricted to bilaterian taxa (Carmona‐Antoñanzas et al., 2011; Castro et al., 2012; Fonseca‐Madrigal et al., 2014; Kabeya et al., 2017; Li et al., 2017; Li et al., 2010; Mohd‐Yusof et al., 2010; Monroig, Guinot, et al., 2012; Monroig, Navarro, et al., 2012; Monroig, Webb, et al., 2011; Monroig et al., 2010, 2016, 2017, 2013; Morais et al., 2009; Surm et al., 2015). We have investigated the phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary histories of the Fad and Elovl gene families in phylum Cnidaria, to provide insights into evolution and the distribution of these gene families in Metazoa outside of bilaterian taxa.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This diversification of PUFA elongases is not present in cnidarians, with only Elovl4 identified in most species investigated. It should be noted that the Elovl4 protein has been shown to elongate LC‐PUFAs > C 20 (Castro et al., 2016; Monroig et al., 2013, 2016), and therefore, functional characterization of the Elovl4 protein in cnidarians is required.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There is little information available about the pathways to elongate and desaturate fatty acids in eel, and this is a common area of study in fish nowadays and has been reviewed in marine fish recently (Monroig et al, 2013). The high correlation found between 18:1-n9 and LA could be the de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids in the testis.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As the second largest Phylum in animal kingdom, mollusks have provided delicious and health food for human due to their enriched higher protein and PUFAs [23,25,26]. However, mechanism of their enrichment in PUFAs has not been clearly described, although there have been a few reports about biosynthesis PUFAs mechanism in an octopus [4,5] and a bivalve [27] in recent years.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In vertebrates, the pathway of biosynthesis LC-PUFAs has been clearly described [2], which involves sequential desaturation and elongation of essential PUFA precursors, LA and ALA. While in molluscs, fatty acyl elongase genes with differing fatty acid (FA) substrate specificities are only described in Chlamys nobilis and Octopus vulgaris [3,4,5].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%