Biosynthesis of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids by a T-strain mycoplasma (Ureaplasma)

Romano, Nino; Rottem, Shlomo; Razin, Shmuel

doi:10.1128/jb.128.1.170-173.1976

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This pathway has been poorly described in mycoplasmas and not all enzymes are identified [ 29 ]. Ureaplasmas have been described in the past as capable of de novo synthesis of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids [ 31 ]; however, our metabolic network analyses identified a very limited number of known pathways related to fatty acid biosynthesis in U . diversum .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ureaplasma diversum Genome Provides New Insights about the Interaction of the Surface Molecules of This Bacterium with the Host

et al. 2016

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Whole genome sequencing and analyses of Ureaplasma diversum ATCC 49782 was undertaken as a step towards understanding U. diversum biology and pathogenicity. The complete genome showed 973,501 bp in a single circular chromosome, with 28.2% of G+C content. A total of 782 coding DNA sequences (CDSs), and 6 rRNA and 32 tRNA genes were predicted and annotated. The metabolic pathways are identical to other human ureaplasmas, including the production of ATP via hydrolysis of the urea. Genes related to pathogenicity, such as urease, phospholipase, hemolysin, and a Mycoplasma Ig binding protein (MIB)—Mycoplasma Ig protease (MIP) system were identified. More interestingly, a large number of genes (n = 40) encoding surface molecules were annotated in the genome (lipoproteins, multiple-banded antigen like protein, membrane nuclease lipoprotein and variable surface antigens lipoprotein). In addition, a gene encoding glycosyltransferase was also found. This enzyme has been associated with the production of capsule in mycoplasmas and ureaplasma. We then sought to detect the presence of a capsule in this organism. A polysaccharide capsule from 11 to 17 nm of U. diversum was observed trough electron microscopy and using specific dyes. This structure contained arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose. In order to understand the inflammatory response against these surface molecules, we evaluated the response of murine macrophages J774 against viable and non-viable U. diversum. As with viable bacteria, non-viable bacteria were capable of promoting a significant inflammatory response by activation of Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2), indicating that surface molecules are important for the activation of inflammatory response. Furthermore, a cascade of genes related to the inflammasome pathway of macrophages was also up-regulated during infection with viable organisms when compared to non-infected cells. In conclusion, U. diversum has a typical ureaplasma genome and metabolism, and its surface molecules, including the identified capsular material, represent major components of the organism immunopathogenesis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ureaplasma diversum Genome Provides New Insights about the Interaction of the Surface Molecules of This Bacterium with the Host

et al. 2016

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“…Protein was determined by the method of Lowry et al (5). Radioactivity in cell membranes or in lipid preparations was determined in a Searle liquid scintillation spectrometer, using dioxane-toluene scintillation liquid (12). Urease activity in cell fractions was assayed by the disappearance of ["4C]urea (60 mCi/mmol; Amersham, England) from the reaction mixture.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell fractions and enzymatic activities of Ureaplasma urealyticum

Romano¹,

Licata²

1978

J Bacteriol

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The localization of some enzymic activities in cell fractions of Ureaplasma urealyticum was studied. A quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of several cell lysis procedures was obtained by using labeled membranes and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Ultrasonic treatment was found to be the most effective procedure for lysing the cells, whereas digitonin and osmotic shock caused the lysis of only 70 and 50% of the cells, respectively. The localization of selected enzymes in Ureaplasma cells resembled that found in other Mycoplasma species. Adenosine triphosphatase, ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, and p-nitrophenylphosphatase activities were located exclusively in the membrane fraction, whereas urease and L-histidine ammonia-lyase were located in the cytoplasm.

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“…The differences of U. urealyticum from the other organisms in the Mycoplasmatales are quite striking: (i) ability to hydrolyze urea (1,16), (ii) requirement for urea as a growth-limiting factor (5), (iii) capacity to synthesize saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (13), and (iv) optimal growth in low pH medium (15). The present results add two additional differences from the Mycoplasmatales: (i) sensitivity to NH4' and (ii) greater growth inhibition by increased osmotic pressure.…”

Section: Tue (Hours)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ammonium ion concentration and osmotic pressure on growth of Ureaplasma urealyticum (T-strain mycoplasma)

Sayed¹,

Kenny²

1978

J Bacteriol

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The effect of ammonium ion concentration and osmotic pressure on growth of Ureaplasma urealyticum type VIII was determined by using a well-buffered broth medium containing 10 mM urea. The addition of NH4Cl to the medium at concentrations up to 10 mM did not affect growth; however, addition of larger quantities progressively decreased both the specific growth rate (j) and the maximum yield ofthe culture, with concentrations of80 mM completely inhibiting growth. Addition of either 150 mM KCl or NaCl to the medium did not inhibit growth, indicating that the growth-inhibitory effect was specific to NH4' and was neither a result of increased C1concentration nor increased osmotic pressure. Concentrations of NH4Cl as high as 100 mM did not affect growth of either Acholeplasma laidlawii or Mycoplasma hominis. U. urealyticum was more sensitive to osmotic pressure: osmotic pressures of 710 to 780 mosmol/kg (with KCI, NaCl, or sucrose) resulted in both a substantially lower growth rate and a 5to 10-fold lower peak yield of organisms. Both A. laidlawii and M. hominis were less sensitive to increased osmotic pressure.

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Biosynthesis of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids by a T-strain mycoplasma (Ureaplasma)

Cited by 13 publications

References 19 publications

Ureaplasma diversum Genome Provides New Insights about the Interaction of the Surface Molecules of This Bacterium with the Host

Ureaplasma diversum Genome Provides New Insights about the Interaction of the Surface Molecules of This Bacterium with the Host

Cell fractions and enzymatic activities of Ureaplasma urealyticum

Effect of ammonium ion concentration and osmotic pressure on growth of Ureaplasma urealyticum (T-strain mycoplasma)

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