Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Exploring Their Potential of Reducing the Contamination of the In Vitro Culture Media and Inducing the Callus Growth of Rumex nervosus Explants

Abstract

Among biological methods, green synthesis of the nanomaterials using plant extracts was shown to be an environmentally friendly, economical, and simple approach. In the current study, the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was achieved using the leaf extract of Hibiscus tiliaceus, in order to prevent the contamination of the tissue culture media and induce callus growth. The nanostructures of the fabricated AgNPs were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra-red spectra (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta size, and zeta potential techniques. Our results indicate that The UV–vis spectrum of AgNPs exhibited an absorption band at 415 nm. The FTIR analysis identified the functional groups which could involve in the reduction of silver ions to AgNPs, this was also confirmed by the (hkl) diffraction peaks in the XRD diffractogram. Moreover, the TEM analysis showed a spherical nanoparticle with a size ranging from 21 and 26 nm. Thereafter, the potential antibacterial and antifungal activity of the biogenic AgNPs was evaluated against Bacillus pumilus and Alternaria alternata which were isolated from the in vitro culture media and identified based on 16S rDNA and ITS rDNA sequences, respectively. The results showed that the AgNPs significantly inhibited the growth of Alternaria alternata and Bacillus pumilus at all applied concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/L). Compared to the control more fungal radial growth reduction (42.59%,) and bacterial inhibition (98.12%) were registered in the plates containing high doses of AgNPs (40 mg/L). Using Rumex nervosus explants, the biosynthesized AgNPs were tested for their impact to promote callus growth. The obtained results showed a significant effect of AgNPs on callus fresh weight at all applied doses. Moreover, AgNPs treatments showed a polymorphism of 12.5% which was detected by RAPD markers. In summary, the results revealed that AgNPs (40 mg/L) can be effectively added to the in vitro culture media for reducing microbial contamination and improving callus growth while greatly maintaining its genetic stability.

Improving the Production of Secondary Metabolites via the Application of Biogenic Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in the Calli of Delonix elata: A Potential Medicinal Plant

“…In the in vitro culture, the nanoparticles were successfully employed to eliminate microbial contamination from the culture media. Further, the nanoparticle application was found to be effective for callus induction, somatic embryogenesis, organogenesis somaclonal variation, genetic transformation, and secondary metabolite production [ 80 , 81 ]. It is possible to conquer the recalcitrant potential of cultivars to adventitious organogenesis when the culture medium is enriched by the zinc nanoparticles [ 82 ].…”

Effect of biosynthesised silver nanoparticles as sterilant on physiological and biochemical characteristics in micropropagation of Musa sapientum L.

“…and AgNPs [24] have been used to sterilise plant medium culture. Recently, the biosynthesised AgNPs were successfully used to decrease the contaminations in the culture medium and these AgNPs were able to promote the growth of in vitro culture [25,26]. Hence, the objective of this study was to prepare AgNPs using mangosteen peel extract (MPE) and to evaluate their antimicrobial activity and phytotoxicity for sterilising the culture medium of Musa sapientum.…”